海南省城乡中小学生近视现况及其差异性分析  

Current status of myopia and its differences between urban and rural primary and middle school students in Hainan Province

作　　者：符文雅 王丽卿[1] 吴挺利 叶宇昭 刘玉梅[1] 田冶[1] FU Wen-ya;WANG Li-qing;WU Ting-li;YE Yu-zhao;LIU Yu-mei;TIAN Ye(School of Public Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan 571199,China)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海南海口571199

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2022年第10期1172-1176,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：海南省高等学校科学研究项目(Hnky2019-47);大学生创新研究项目(202011810014)。

摘　　要：目的了解海南省城乡中小学生近视现状,探讨近视影响因素的城乡差异性,为进一步精准分级防控青少年近视提供科学理论依据。方法于2019年10—11月采用多阶段抽样方法在全省18个市县选取31所中小学的13193名学生,对其进行视力检查、屈光检查和问卷调查。利用多水平Logistic模型分析城乡中小学生近视的影响因素。结果海南省城乡中小学生整体近视率为52.49%,其中城市近视率为56.57%,高于农村的49.04%(χ2=74.366,P<0.001);近视存在学校聚集性,多水平模型拟合结果显示,在城市学生中,女生(OR=1.762,95%CI:1.494~2.079)、年龄大(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.062~1.312)、上学日放学后静坐学习时长≥2 h(OR=1.188,95%CI:1.032~1.367)和周末看电子产品时长≥1 h(OR=1.207,95%CI:1.028~1.418)的近视风险相对较高(均P<0.05);在农村学生中,女生(OR=1.724,95%CI:1.499~1.983)、年龄大(OR=1.198,95%CI:1.123~1.279)、周末静坐学习时长≥2 h(OR=1.195,95%CI:1.078~1.325)的近视风险相对较高(均P<0.05)。睡眠时长越长,风险相对越低(OR=0.887,95%CI:0.822~0.957,P<0.05)。结论海南省中小学生近视率相对较低,且存在城乡差异,应从课后作业、电子产品使用时长和睡眠时间等方面加强家校合作,切实有效地加强近视防控。Objective To investigate the current situation of myopia among primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas of Hainan Province,and to explore the differences in factors influencing myopia between urban and rural areas so as to provide a scientifical and theoretical basis for further precise grading prevention and control of youth myopia.Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 13,193 students from 31 primary and middle schools in 18 cities and counties of the province from October to November 2019.Vision examination,refractive examination and questionnaire survey were conducted.Multi-level Logistic model was used to analyze the factors influencing myopia among the students.Results The overall myopia rate in the students in Hainan Province was 52.49%,and the myopia rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas(56.57%vs.49.04%,χ2=74.366,P<0.001).There was school clustering in myopia.The results of multi-level model fitting revealed that among urban students,the risk of myopia was relatively high in girls(OR=1.762,95%CI:1.494-2.079),older students(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.062-1.312),students with duration of sedentary study after school on school day≥2 hours(OR=1.188,95%CI:1.032-1.367),and students using electronic devices on the weekend≥1 h(OR=1.207,95%CI:1.028-1.418)(all P<0.05).Among rural students,the risk of myopia was higher in girls(OR=1.724,95%CI:1.499-1.983),older students(OR=1.198,95%CI:1.123-1.279)and students with duration of sedentary study on the weekend≥2 hours(OR=1.195,95%CI:1.078-1.325)(all P<0.05).The longer the sleep time,the relatively lower the risk(OR=0.887,95%CI:0.822-0.957,P<0.05).Conclusion The myopia rate of the primary and middle school students in Hainan Province was relatively low,and there were differences between urban and rural areas.It is necessary to strengthen home-school cooperation in terms of homework,time spent using electronic devices and sleep time,and practically and effectively intensify myopia prevention and control.

关 键 词：近视 多水平模型 中小学生 城乡 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]