“法治国”的贫困:民国时期的行政法制话语及其境遇  

Poverty of the Legal State:the Discourse of Administrative Legal System in the Period of the Republic of China and its Predicament

作　　者：吴欢 Wu Huan

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院/中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《南大法学》2022年第5期66-76,共11页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“民国初期平政院裁决实践中的行政法理研究”(19BFX022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“法治国”是近代中国知识精英广泛言说的治国理政话语,堪称民国时期行政法制的表层秩序共识。但是,这一源自西方“形式法治国”理论脉络的话语共识,在为民国政府治理嫁接形式法治框架的同时,也面临实质法治困境与难题,或可谓“法治国”的贫困。在“法治国”话语加持下,依法律行政原理对彼时政府治理的制度安排产生了一定影响,进而形塑了民国行政法制的基本面相,但实质性的依法律行政并未真正落实。从平政院到行政法院的民国行政审判,虽然为践行“法治国”话语作出了有限而积极的贡献,却也无力回天。一言以蔽之,民国时期国家治理的贫困,决定了“法治国”的贫困。The“Legal State”concept was a discourse of governance widely spoken by the elite intellectual in modern China,which could be called the consensus on the surface order of the administrative legal system of the Republic of China.However,this discourse,originating from the western theory of formal rule of law,while providing the formal rule of law framework for the government governance of the Republic of China,faced the difficulties of substantive rule of law,or The Poverty of“Legal State”.Therefore,with the support of the discourse of“Legal State”,the administration by law principle exerted a certain influence on the institutional arrangement of government governance at that time,and thus shaped the basic aspect of the administrative legal system of the Republic of China,but the substantive administration by law was not actually implemented.The administrative trials of the Republic of China,from the PingzhengYuan(平政院)to the Administrative Court,have made limited and positive contributions to the practice of the discourse of“Legal State”,but they were ultimately powerless.In a word,the poverty of state governance in the Period of the Republic of China determines the poverty of“Legal State”.

关 键 词：法治国 政府治理 行政法理 依法律行政 行政审判 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]