中国早中更新世古人类遗址年代学研究中两种同位素测年方法的应用与思考  

MULTI-METHODS DATING STUDY OF THE EARLY-MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN CHINA

作　　者：李梦琪 韩非 肖萍 LI Mengqi;HAN Fei;XIAO Ping(Research Center for Earth System Science,Yunnan Key Laboratory for Earth System Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan;Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi 653100,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]云南大学地球系统科学研究中心,云南省地球系统科学重点实验室,云南昆明650500 [2]玉溪师范学院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第5期1450-1461,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41772174);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(批准号:41911530235);云南省高层次人才引进计划“青年人才”专项项目(批准号:202201AT070211)共同资助。

摘　　要：中国早中更新世人类遗址的发现对研究东亚地区早期人类的生存与演化具有重要意义,但这一时段的遗址已超出或接近^(14)C、光释光和铀系等常用同位素测年方法的极限。电子自旋共振/铀系(ESR/U系)联合化石测年和宇宙成因核素^(26)Al/^(10)Be埋藏测年是目前为数不多的能同时对早中更新世遗址地点进行年代学研究的两种同位素测年方法,优势在于可以直接对被关注的考古遗存(如文化层内的动物化石或石英质砾石石制品)进行测年分析,避免了由于测年对象与考古遗存之间地层关系的不明确给测年结果带来不确定性。本文以云南元谋人、北京周口店第一地点、湖北白龙洞和山东沂源人遗址为例,介绍了ESR/U系法和^(26)Al/^(10)Be埋藏测年法在上述早期遗址年代学研究中的应用,并探讨了两种方法存在的局限性。对于洞穴遗址的ESR/U系联合测年,化石年龄的不确定性主要来自于对化石外部剂量率的重建,需要化石有较明确的出土层位;而^(26)Al/^(10)Be埋藏测年需要解决来自于被测沉积物或石制品可能存在的复杂埋藏历史对测年结果的影响。ESR/U系联合化石测年和等时线^(26)Al/^(10)Be埋藏测年方法是目前最可行的早期遗址测年技术手段,在动物群化石组合和磁性地层学等间接测年方法给出的时间框架下,通过上述两种同位素测年方法可以为研究东亚早期人类活动提供更为精细的年代。The Early-Middle Pleistocene hominin sites in China play an important role in the study of the early human survival and evolution in East Asia.However,most of these sites are beyond the limits of the classical radioisotope dating methods,such as^(14)C,OSL,U-Th,etc.The deposition in some cave sites and fissure sites is thin and may experience rapid accumulation,which makes it difficult to use paleomagnetic dating method.Coupled ESR/U-Th dating and^(26)Al/^(10)Be burial dating are two absolute dating methods that can simultaneously conduct comprehensive geochronological research on the location of the Early-Middle Pleistocene cave.The advantage is that the concerned archaeological remains can be directly analyzed.The uncertainty of dating results caused by the unclear stratigraphic relationship between dating objects and archaeological remains could be avoided.In this paper,the principle of the coupled ESR and U-Th dating and^(26)Al/^(10)Be burial dating methods were introduced,and the application of these two methods on four hominin sites in China,including Yuanmou site(Yunnan Province),Zhoukoudian Locality 1(Beijing),Bailongdong site(Hubei Province)and Yiyuan site(Shandong Province)were discussed.For the coupled ESR and U-Th dating of the hominin sites in China,the uncertainty of fossil age mainly comes from the reconstruction of the external dose rate of fossils,which requires the location of the fossil samples is clear.The main problems in^(26)Al/^(10)Be burial dating with simple burial model comes from the potential multiple burial history the sediment or stone artifacts has experienced and the post-burial production of the nuclides,these issues could be solved by the isochron technique which analysis a couple of quartz samples from the same layer and obtain the burial age from the slope of the isochron.Coupled ESR/U-Th dating method and^(26)Al/^(10)Be burial dating method are the most feasible dating techniques for the Early-Middle Pleistocene hominin site at present.Based on the general time framework given

关 键 词：地质年代学 早中更新世 史前人类遗址 ESR/U系联合化石测年 等时线26Al/10Be埋藏测年 

分 类 号：P534.63.1[天文地球—第四纪地质学] P597.3[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]