马克思主义伦理思想的解读——基于对“混合道义论”的批判  

Interpretation of Marxist Ethics—On the Basis of Criticism to Mixed Deontology

作　　者：何加贝 韩步江 HE Jiabei;HAN Bujiang(School of Marxism,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210094)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《南京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期17-25,共9页Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“毛泽东社会主义社会矛盾思想及其现实意义研究”(18BKS068);江苏高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人资助项目;江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“新时代人民美好生活观的理论与实践研究”(CX10288)。

摘　　要：关于马克思主义伦理思想的研究和争论,西方学界自“塔克—伍德”命题提出后,似乎进入了一个相对更加严谨深入的学术境地。在“马克思与正义”问题的讨论上,英美实证分析学派力图秉持客观公正的立场以“混合道义论”这种规范伦理学的研究范式来解读和重建马克思正义理论,呈现马克思主义伦理思想的真面目,但仅靠实证分析层面上的“混合道义论”来理解马克思的正义理论,往往造成理论理解的历史性和系统性缺失,因此,必须保持对“混合道义论”辩证批判的态度,才能探索实现马克思主义的“道义制高点”。而基于语境主义、非功利主义立场分析马克思主义伦理思想中的道义概念,也必须在历史唯物主义基础上才能真正展现马克思主义的“道义制高点”,马克思主义伦理思想需要批判超越混合道义以揭露资本主义道德中自由、平等、正义的虚伪性,在实践中探索构建符合全人类共同利益和共同发展的新道德,实现动机和效果,道德和利益的统一。So far as the researching debates over Marxist ethics are concerned, western academia seems to enter into a relatively more rigorous and profound stage with the “Tucker-Wood Proposition.” With regards to “Marx and Justice”, Anglo-American empirical school endeavors to uphold an objective and fair standpoint, annotate and reconstruct Marxist justice theory with a normative ethics paradigm called Mixed Deontology, and present the genuine facets of Marxist Ethics. However, a historical and systematic theoretical inadequacy emerges if Mixed Deontology is applied at the empirical analysis level alone to interpret Marxist justice theory. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a dialectical criticism attitude towards Mixed Deontology so as to probe into and achieve Marxist commanding elevation. On the other hand, even from the perspectives of contextualism and non-utilitarianism, an analysis to the morality concepts in Marxist Ethics must also genuinely present Marxist moral commanding elevation on the basis of historical materialism. It is critical for Marxist Ethics to criticize and transcend Mixed Deontology to reveal the freedom, equality and justice hypocrisies in capitalistic morality. Unities of motivation and effect, morality and interests are accomplished through a new morality exploration and construction in line with common human interests and mutual development.

关 键 词：马克思主义伦理思想 混合道义 历史唯物主义 语境主义 非功利主义 

分 类 号：A715[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]