中国共产党领导下的冀西河滩地开发与环境治理(1937—1949)  

The CPC-led Development and Environmental Protection Initiatives in the Riverine Areas of West Hebei Province,1937-1949

作　　者：程森 Cheng Sen

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2022年第5期4-19,M0003,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“1928—1949年中国共产党环境保护资料的搜集、整理与研究”(21SZYBO5)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以往华北环境史研究因过于关注生态退化而忽视了人们应对环境变迁的能动性。自雍正五年(1727)京畿水利营田以来,在政府和民众的共同努力下,冀西河滩地形成了独特的修滩、种植、灌溉技术及管理制度,但因滩地洪灾频仍,流域生态环境退化,滩地持续萎缩。1937年以后,中国共产党领导滩地所在各阶层在生态退化中不断因应与调适,一方面通过持续的财力、人力投入和技术、管理制度变革,滩地逐步恢复;另一方面又不断反思滩地水灾频发的原因,认识到流域环境治理中山、水、林、滩的一体性,进而付诸科学的环境治理实践,冀西滩地得以持续开发。由此,结构化的生态退化不应单纯被看作束缚区域发展中人的能动性发挥的障碍,华北根据地时期环境史研究也应进一步纳入中国环境史和中国共产党生态文明思想发展史研究的视野之中。Established studies on the environmental history of North China are preoccupied with the issue of environmental degradation,largely neglecting the agency of people in adapting to environmental changes. Since the farm irrigation system was introduced into West Hebei in 1727,local governments and the local people worked together to put in place distinctive reclamation,plantation,irrigation and management rules in the riverine areas. Nevertheless,the local riverine areas continuously shrank due to frequent flooding and ecological degradation. The CPC led all walks of society in the riverine areas to adapt to ecological degradation there after 1937. They precipitated the ecological recovery of the riverine areas by increasing financial and labor inputs and reforming relevant management rules. In addition,they tried to find the underlying reasons of frequent flooding in the riverine areas and realized the interconnections of mountains,rivers,forests and riverine areas in the environmental restoration of riverine areas. Thanks to their science-guided efforts,the local riverine areas realized sustainable development afterwards. Thus,ecological degradation as a structural constraint should not become an insurmountable obstacle for human agency. Studies on the environmental history in the base areas of North China should become an integral part of the Chinese environmental history and the evolving history of CPC’s conceptions on ecological civilization.

关 键 词：环境史 滩地开发 冀西滩地 生态退化 环境治理 

分 类 号：X321-09[环境科学与工程—环境工程]