论巴黎和会后日本在山东势力的维护与扩张(1919-1931)  

Japan's Efforts to Maintain and Expand Its Influence in Shandong Province After the Paris Peace Conference,1919-1931

作　　者：李少军[1] Li Shaojun

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2022年第5期33-48,M0003,M0004,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“1912年至1937年间日本驻华使领商务报告整理与研究”(20&ZD236)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：巴黎和会后,日本欲对华订约以维护其在山东的势力,敦促美英“劝告”北京政府对日谈判,并与美英围绕在山东的利益展开博弈,这成为《解决山东悬案条约》及其关联协定的主因。从“交还”胶州湾到挑起九一八事变,日本虽处于华盛顿体系之下,但将山东作为其“经济势力圈”,利用中方背负胶济铁路巨额赎金作为枷锁,支配该路财产收入,甚至恣意将其强占,同时控制主要矿山,占有大量土地,称霸交通、采矿、制造、贸易、金融等领域,使美英势力不能与之抗衡。日本在山东势力巨大而突出,也使其海陆军持续钳制、威胁山东,直至深度入侵。After the end of the Paris Peace Conference,the Japanese government urged the UK and the US governments to“persuade”the Beijing government to negotiate with the Japanese side. By signing a treaty with the Chinese government,the Japanese government aimed to maintain its sphere of influence in Shandong. To realize this aim,the Japanese also competed with the British and the American in Shandong. This was the background under which the Treaty for the Settlement of Outstanding Questions Pertaining to Shandong and its auxiliary agreements were negotiated and signed. From its “returning the Jiaozhou Peninsula to China” to the outbreak of the September 18 Incident,the Japanese made Shandong its economic backyard although it nominally respected the Versailles-Washington System in the Far East at the same time.Using the huge amount of ransom the Chinese side had to pay to reclaim the Jiaoji Railway as the leverage,the Japanese controlled the income generated by the Jiaoji Railway and eventually put it under forced occupation. The Japanese also controlled major mineral mines,occupied large chunks of land and dominated the transportation,mining,manufacturing,trade and finance sectors of Shandong. Neither the British nor the American could challenge the dominance of the Japanese in Shandong. The Japanese enormous presence in Shandong also set the stage for the all-out invasion of Shandong by Japanese navy and army.

关 键 词：巴黎和会 日本侵华史 《解决山东悬案条约》 胶济铁路 

分 类 号：K313.45[历史地理—历史学] K26[历史地理—世界史]