劳德大主教治理伦敦煤烟失败考  

A Study on the Failure of Archbishop Laud in Controlling London Soot

作　　者：高麦爱[1] GAO Maiai

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院历史文化旅游学院,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2022年第3期103-111,128,共10页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：江苏省2022年社科基金项目“全球史视域下英国碳减排政策发展研究”(22LSB007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：17世纪以来,伦敦煤烟污染日趋严重。坎特伯雷大主教威廉·劳德用司法手段严厉惩罚排放煤烟的酿酒作坊,严格执行国王不准出租教会房屋的命令。他治理煤烟污染的目的在于维护王权,追求恢复宗教神圣。他还积极支持查理一世对外战争,支持国王的征税要求,积极参与维修圣保罗教堂。他治理污染却不顾及作坊主及神职人员的生活,因此成为众矢之的。各种因素合力对抗,劳德在1640年被送上断头台。Since the 17century, the soot pollution in London had become more and more serious. William Laud who was the Archbishop of Canterbury severely punished the brewing workshops for emitting soot by judicial means, and strictly implemented the king’s order not to rent church houses. The purpose of him was to maintain the supremacy of kingship and pursue the restoration of British religious sanctity.Moreover, he also actively supported Charles I’s foreign wars, supported the king’s tax demands,actively participated in the maintenance of St. Paul’s Church. Although controlled soot, he ignored the lives of workshop owners and clergies. As a result, he became the target of public criticism. Due to the joint efforts of various forces, Laud was guillotined in 1640.

关 键 词：查理一世 煤烟 议会 作坊主 神职人员 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程] B979[哲学宗教—宗教学] K561.33[历史地理—历史学]