对斯特林空气热机实验的分析  

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT OF STIRLING AIR ENGINE

作　　者：路峻岭[1] 顾晨[1] 任乃敬 马泊一 LU Junling;GU Chen;REN Naijing;MA Boyi(Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《物理与工程》2022年第4期131-135,共5页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：斯特林空气热机是大学物理热学教学中很流行的一种演示实验热机,它的结构特点是在气缸中设置了两个活塞:一个是工作活塞,它的运动与工质的热力学循环相关;另一个是换位活塞,它的运动可使工质分别处于高低温两个不同的热源区。机械连接使两个活塞作简谐振动,且使两者振动的相位差为90度,则工质的热力学循环即表现为由两段等温线和两段等容线围成的封闭循环。工质处于高温热源区时,作等温膨胀的循环为正循环;作等温压缩的循环为逆循环。正循环工作的斯特林空气热机是一种动力热机,可以从高温热源吸热向低温热源放热并对外做功;逆循环工作的斯特林空气热机是一种制冷机,在外界做功的前提下可以从低温热源吸热并向高温热源放热。Stirling air heat engine is a very popular demonstration experimental heat engine in college physical education. Its structural has two pistons set in the cylinder: one is the working piston, and its movement is related to the thermodynamic cycle of the working medium;the other is the transposition piston, whose movement makes the working medium in two different heat source regions of high and low temperature. The mechanical connection makes the two pistons vibrate harmonically, and the phase difference between the two vibrations is 90 degrees, then the thermodynamic cycle of the working medium is a closed cycle surrounded by two isotherms and two isochore. When the working medium is in the high-temperature heat source area, the cycle of isothermal expansion is a positive cycle, and the cycle of isothermal compression is a reverse cycle. Stirling air heat engine with positive circulation is a kind of power heat engine, which can absorb heat from high-temperature heat source to low-temperature heat source and do work externally. Stirling air heat engine working in reverse cycle is a refrigerator, which can absorb heat from low-temperature heat source and release heat to high-temperature heat source on the premise of external work.

关 键 词：斯特林空气热机 热力学循环 准静态 工作活塞 换位活塞 

分 类 号：O551-4[理学—热学与物质分子运动论] G642.423[理学—物理]