超声波处理对豇豆种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Cowpea Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

作　　者：郝树芹 唐欣 刘素慧 HAO Shuqin;TANG Xin;LIU Suhui(Shandong Agriculture And Engineering University,Jinan Shandong 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东农业工程学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业工程学院学报》2022年第9期29-34,共6页The Journal of Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GNC106155)。

摘　　要：超声波处理是常用的一种物理刺激手段,超声波影响植物种子的萌发以及幼苗的生长发育。本试验通过测定60 K Hz的超声波处理过后的豇豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及幼苗生长等数据变化规律,研究不同超声波处理时间对豇豆种子发芽情况以及豇豆幼苗生长的影响,以期明确60 K Hz超声波处理的最佳时间及超声波处理对种子发芽时效性的影响。研究发现,随着储存时间的延长,使用超声波处理后的种子发芽率会比未经过超声波处理后的种子发芽率降低的慢。随着储藏时间的延长,超声波处理过后的豇豆种子的发芽率及发芽势始终高于未经超声波处理的种子,超声波处理后幼苗生长更好。当超声波处理豇豆时间低于25 min时,豇豆种子发芽率和幼苗生长状态指标逐渐升高,当超声波处理豇豆种子时间高于25 min时,随着超声波处理时间增加种子发芽率和幼苗生长指标逐渐降低。综上所述,超声波处理5-25 min时提高种子发芽率,促进幼苗生长,处理25分钟时豇豆种子发芽率最高,超过35min时超声波的促进作用开始减弱,超声波处理可延缓储藏时种子的发芽率的降低,并且随着储藏时间的增加,超声波的影响逐渐减弱。本研究为超声波处理在种子储存及生产实践中提供参考,对提高种子萌芽活力具有重要意义。Ultrasonic treatment is a common physical stimulation method,which affects seed germination and seedling growth and development.In this experiment,the changes of germination rate,germination potential,germination index and seedling growth of cowpea seeds after ultrasonic treatment at 60 kHz were measured to study the effects of different ultrasonic treatment time on the germination of cowpea seeds and the growth of cowpea seedlings,and to clarify the optimal time of ultrasonic treatment at 60 kHz and the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the timeliness of seed germination.It was found that with the extension of storage time,the germination rate of seeds treated with ultrasonic was slower than that without ultrasonic.With the extension of storage time,the germination rate and germination potential of cowpea seeds after ultrasonic treatment were always higher than those of seeds without ultrasonic treatment,and the seedlings grew better after ultrasonic treatment.When the ultrasonic treatment time was less than 25 min,the seed germination rate and seedling growth index of cowpea increased gradually.When the ultrasonic treatment time was higher than 25 min,the seed germination rate and seedling growth index decreased gradually with the increase of ultrasonic treatment time.In summary,ultrasonic treatment for 5-25 min increased seed germination rate and promoted seedling growth.The germination rate of cowpea seeds was the highest when treated for 25 minutes,and the promoting effect of ultrasonic wave began to weaken when treated for more than 35 minutes.Ultrasonic treatment can delay the decrease of seed germination rate during storage.With the increase of storage time,the influence of ultrasonic wave gradually weakened.This study provides a reference for ultrasonic treatment in seed storage and production practice,and is of great significance to improve seed germination vigor.

关 键 词：超声波 种子发芽率 豇豆种子 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S351.5[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]