氨电氧化催化剂及其低温直接氨碱性膜燃料电池性能的研究进展  

Recent progress on ammonia oxidation catalysts at anode and their performances in low-temperature direct ammonia alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells

作　　者：方辉煌 程金星 罗宇 陈崇启 周晨 江莉龙 FANG Huihuang;CHENG Jinxing;LUO Yu;CHEN Chongqi;ZHOU Chen;JIANG Lilong(College of Chemical Engineering,Fuzhou University,National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学石油化工学院,化肥催化剂国家工程研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《化工学报》2022年第9期3802-3814,共13页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1505604);福建省重大专项专题项目(2020HZ07009)。

摘　　要：氨是一种无碳富氢的能源载体,体积能量密度高,易液化储存,是理想的储氢介质。以氨直接作为燃料,在低温碱性膜燃料电池中通过氨氧化反应实现化学能到电能的转化,是氨能源高效利用的理想路径之一。然而,低温氨氧化反应动力学缓慢、催化剂价格昂贵、易中毒等问题严重影响氨燃料电池性能,限制其大规模的商业化应用。因此,设计高效、廉价、稳定的催化剂是发展低温氨燃料电池技术的关键。本文首先综述了近些年研究者在氨氧化反应机理方面的探索,在深入理解反应体系的基础上,重点介绍了含贵金属和非贵金属催化剂设计制备及其在氨氧化反应中的进展,并总结了氨氧化催化剂在氨燃料电池中的性能。最后针对氨氧化催化剂目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向提出了建议,旨在为氨氧化催化剂的设计及低温氨燃料电池技术的发展提供研究思路。Ammonia is a carbon-free and hydrogen-rich energy carrier with high volumetric energy density and easy liquefaction storage.It is an ideal hydrogen storage medium.Transforming chemical energy in ammonia into electrical energy directly by ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)in low-temperature alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs)is an ideal way for efficient utilization of ammonia.However,the NH_(3)-AEMFCs are far away from the commercial application due to its low performance,which is limited by slow kinetics in AOR,high price of noble metals,catalyst poisoning and poor stability.It posts the significance of developing efficient,cheap and robust catalysts to achieve satisfied performance in low-temperature NH_(3)-AEMFCs.Herein,we firstly give a brief introduction of current status on understanding the fundamentals in AOR and then summarize the recent progress in the development of noble and non-noble metallic catalysts towards AOR.Based on the in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism,the performance of NH_(3)-AEMFCs was further summarized and discussed.Finally,the R&D direction and prospect of catalyst design for AOR and NH_(3)-AEMFCs are proposed.

关 键 词：氨 氨氧化反应 低温氨燃料电池 催化剂 电催化 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]