补饲精料对冷季放牧牦牛瘤胃细菌区系特征的影响  

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Rumen Bacterial Flora of Grazing Yak in Cold Season

作　　者：崔占鸿[1] CUI Zhan-hong(Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science,Qinghai University,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Livestock Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2022年第4期9-14,共6页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2020-ZJ-911)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究补饲精料对冷季放牧牦牛瘤胃细菌区系特征的影响,为实施放牧牦牛冷季营养平衡调控提供一定参考。试验用放牧牦牛均选自玉树州称多县歇武镇的同一养殖合作社,其中0.5岁公牦牛12头,等分为放牧组(Am)和补饲组(Tm),补饲组每天需补饲0.5 kg犊牛补饲精料;2.5岁公牦牛12头,等分为放牧组(Cm)和补饲组(Sm),补饲组每天需补饲1.5 kg生长牦牛补饲精料。试验期间,牦牛每天8∶00之前出牧,18∶00之后归牧并补饲精料。结果表明,Tm组0.5岁牦牛瘤胃细菌有效序列、覆盖指数显著大于Am组(P<0.05),而Am组Shannon指数显著高于Tm组(P<0.05);Sm组2.5岁牦牛瘤胃细菌覆盖指数极显著大于Cm组(P<0.01),而Cm组Shannon指数极显著高于Sm组(P<0.01)。在门水平上,放牧组和补饲组的0.5岁和2.5岁牦牛瘤胃优势菌门均为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门。Tm组拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和软壁菌门丰度显著高于Am组(P<0.05),变形菌门丰度极显著高于Am组(P<0.01);Sm组拟杆菌门、变形菌门和纤细菌门丰度极显著高于Cm组(P<0.01)。在属水平上,0.5岁和2.5岁牦牛瘤胃细菌区系优势菌属均为普雷沃氏菌属、理研菌属、拟杆菌属、毛螺菌属和瘤胃球菌属。Tm组拟杆菌属丰度显著高于Am组(P<0.05),Am组毛螺菌属丰度极显著高于Tm组(P<0.01);Sm组普雷沃氏菌属和拟杆菌属丰度显著高于Cm组(P<0.05)。0.5岁牦牛瘤胃细菌区系的功能中Tm组的KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes)水平1中代谢和细胞过程显著高于Am组(P<0.05);2.5岁牦牛瘤胃细菌区系的功能中Sm组的代谢、环境信息处理及细胞过程显著高于Cm组(P<0.05)。综上所述,补饲精料有利于冷季放牧牦牛瘤胃细菌区系平稳过渡,促进牦牛对营养物质的消化利用。The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effect of supplemental concentrate on the rumen bacterial flora characteristics of grazing yak in the cold season,and to provide a certain reference for the implemen-tation of nutritional balance regulation of grazing yak in the cold season.The experimental grazing yaks were selected from the same cooperative farm in Xiewu Town,Chengduo County of Yushu Prefecture.And twelve male yaks aged 0.5-year-old were equally divided into grazing group(Am)and supplementary feeding group(Tm).The sup-plementary feeding group was supplemented with 0.5 kg concentrate per day.Twelve male yaks aged 2.5-year-old were equally divided into grazing group(Cm)and supplementary feeding group(Sm).The supplementary feed-ing group was supplemented with 1.5 kg concentrate of growing yaks per day.During the experiment,all the yaks went out of grazing before 8∶00 every day,returned to the grazing after 18∶00,and supplemented the feeding with concentrate after returning to the grazing in the evening.The results showed that the effective sequence and coverage index of the 0.5-year-old yaks in the Tm group were significantly higher than those in the Am group(P<0.05),while the Shannon index in the Am group was significantly higher than that in the Tm group(P<0.05).The coverage index of the 2.5-year-old yaks in the Sm group was significantly higher than that in the Cm group(P<0.01),while the Shannon index in the Cm group was significantly higher than that in the Sm group(P<0.01).At the phylum level,Bacteroidota,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in the 0.5-year-old and 2.5-year-old grazing and supplementary feeding groups.Bacteroidota,Firmicutes and Tenericutes in the Tm group were significantly higher than those in the Am group(P<0.05),and Proteobacteria were extreme-ly significantly higher than those in the Am group(P<0.01).Bacteroidota,Proteobacteria and Gracilibacteria were significantly higher than Cm group(P<0.01).At the genus level,the predominant genera in the rumen ba

关 键 词：补饲精料 冷季 放牧牦牛 瘤胃细菌区系 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]