在政治与法律之间:法兰西第五共和国宪法修改的规范与实践  

Between Politics and Law: Norms and Practices of Constitutional Revision in the Fifth French Republic

作　　者：王蔚[1] Wang Wei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2022年第5期51-67,共17页Global Law Review

基　　金：2021年度北京市社会科学基金重点项目“宪法学研究方法的理论脉络与适用实践”(21DTR017)的研究成果。

摘　　要：修宪权的性质及其限制模式是宪法学基础理论问题之一。法国作为制宪权概念的源起国,在政治生活中频繁使用修宪权。但宪法修改在规范逻辑和实践运行中存在较大差异:规范中既有实质限制,又有形式限制;而在实践运行中,宪法修改功能的政治性品格凸显,公权力机构之间的关系对实在法适用影响甚巨。宪法委员会、最高行政法院等可以对宪法修改之限制进行审查的主体更多保持消极审查态度。究其原因,乃是宪法修改的理论在“政治-法律”不同场域之中产生了差异,呈现了自然法与法实证主义两种法律思想对法律规范和政治事实的不同影响,而法实证主义在实践中占了上风。当然,不同学说的论争也存在逻辑论证的盲点,政治与法律并不是截然对立的范畴,在方法论和意识形态等层面均可调和,从而使得宪法修改成为守护宪法秩序和政治制度最为重要的机制之一。For nearly 20 years, there has been a certain antagonism and debate between normative constitutionalism and political constitutionalism in Chinese constitutional law circle. The reason for this may be the inability to reach a consensus on how to place political facts in the constitutional order. In this process of stagnation, comparative law resources have become more powerful arguments. Many scholars introduced the “constituent power” created by Sieyès in the French constitutional theory into the debate in China as an argument for the normative constitutional position, and the French theory of constitutional amendment, which is closely related to the constituent power, also became a topic of interest in the Chinese academia. However, Chinese scholars are familiar with France only as the country where the concept of constituent power originated and is frequently used in political life. The relationship between constitutional amendment power and constituent power and the question of whether and how constitutional amendment power should be limited have not been further explored and understood. It is true that the nature of the power to amend the constitution and the mode of its limitation is one of the fundamental theoretical issues in constitutional law. This article takes the works of representative scholars on constitutional amendments in the Fifth French Republic as first-hand research materials and provides an outline of 24 constitutional amendments, spanning from the French Revolution to the constitutional amendment controversy in the latest round of presidential election in 2022, with the aim of revealing the differences in the normative logic and institutional operation of constitutional amendments in France and in the “political-legal” arena. Specifically, the normative system centered on Article 89 of the Constitution contains both substantive and formal restrictions, while in practice, the political character of the constitutional amendment function comes to the fore. The relations among the Pre

关 键 词：法国宪法 宪法修改 法实证主义 自然法 

分 类 号：D956.5[政治法律—法学] DD911