从理想气体做功过程看热学与力学的衔接  

CONNECTION BETWEEN THERMODYNAMICS AND MECHANICS FROM THE WORK PROCESS OF IDEAL GASES

作　　者：邵怀华 SHAO Huaihua(School of Physics and Electrical Engineering,Liupanshui Normal University,Liupanshui,Guizhou 553000)

机构地区：[1]六盘水师范学院物理与电气工程学院,贵州六盘水553000

出　　处：《物理与工程》2022年第3期131-133,共3页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：六盘水师范学院教学内容与课程体系改革项目(LPSSYjg201931)。

摘　　要：利用基础力学和统计物理知识,从微观上研究了理想气体绝热变化中的做功过程,结合伽利略变换验证了气体膨胀做功的多少在数值上等于其分子总动能的减少量。作为一个热学与力学内容衔接的典型例子,补充了除压强、温度和内能之外的又一个热学基础物理量——做功的详细微观力学描述,进一步阐明了基础热学作为一门实验科学所具有的力学本质。其中,在分子与移动活塞碰撞问题中用到了伽利略变换,也是两个惯性系之间坐标变换的一个实际应用示例。We conduct a microscopic analysis of the work done by an ideal gas in an adiabatic process using fundamental mechanics and statistical physics. Combined with Galilean transformation, it is verified that the amount of work done by gas expansion is numerically equal to the reduction of its total molecular kinetic energy. As a typical example of the connection between heat and mechanics, our work has a further improvement in the mechanical descriptions of the basic physical quantities of thermodynamics in addition to pressure, temperature and internal energy, and further expounds the mechanical essence of basic heat as an experimental science. The Galilean transformation is used in the collision analysis between the gas molecules and the moving piston, which is also a practical application example of the coordinate transformation between two inertial systems.

关 键 词：伽利略变换 气体做功 绝热过程 

分 类 号：O414[理学—理论物理]