区域作物蒸散发时空变化及水分利用效率分析  

Spatio-temporal variation and water use efficiency of regional crop evapotranspiration

作　　者：胡倩 谢丁兴 潘岩 张博伟 魏征[2] 窦超银 HU Qian;XIE Dingxing;PAN Yan;ZHANG Bowei;WEI Zheng;DOU Chaoyin(School of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Beijing Changping District Water Supply Service Center,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州2250091 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [3]北京市昌平区供水服务中心,北京102200

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第9期26-34,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130906);中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL2022TS13);中国水科院基本科研业务费专项项目(ID0145B022021,ID0145B052021)。

摘　　要：作物水分利用效率(WUE)是量化农业高效用水重要指标,作物蒸散发(ET)是表征WUE重要参量,研究作物ET及WUE对实现高效灌溉管理具有重要意义。文章采用非监督分类(ISODATA)和光谱耦合技术(SMT),结合光学遥感提取2007~2016年北京市大兴区种植结构,基于RS-ET算法计算以乡镇为最小单元的冬小麦和夏玉米蒸散发,分析作物水分利用效率。结果表明,冬小麦—夏玉米、春玉米遥感提取面积与统计结果R2和相对误差分别为0.812、0.743和18.6%、1%;2007~2016年冬小麦和夏玉米平均ET均表现为北部小、南部和西南部高,冬小麦ET波动范围为334.18~435.61 mm,多年平均ET为392.66 mm,冬小麦ET值呈下降趋势,夏玉米ET波动范围为307.84~313.06 mm,多年平均ET为309.59 mm,夏玉米ET整体呈上升趋势;大兴区各乡镇冬小麦多年平均WUEET为1.41 kg·m^(-3),夏玉米平均WUEET为1.90 kg·m^(-3)。研究可为区域农业灌溉用水效率评价及灌溉决策提供参考。The crop water use efficiency(WUE) is an important indicator to measure the scientific nature of agricultural water use. Crop evapotranspiration(ET) is an important parameter to characterize WUE. The study of ET and WUE is of great significance to achieve efficient irrigation management. In this study, unsupervised classification(ISODATA) and spectral matching technique(SMT) combined with optical remote sensing were used to extract planting structures in Daxing district of Beijing from2007 to 2016, ET of winter wheat and summer maize based on RS-ET algorithm with townships as the smallest units was calculated, thus the WUE was analyzed. The results showed that the planting area of winter wheat-summer maize and spring wheat R^(2) and relative error were respectively 0.812, 0.743 and18.6%, 1%. The average ET of winter wheat and summer maize was small in the north, high in the south and southwest from 2007 to 2016. The variation range of ET in winter wheat was between 334.18and 435.61 mm, and the annual average was 392.66 mm, and the ET of winter wheat showed a downward trend. The ET fluctuation range of summer maize was between 307.84 and 313.06 mm, and the annual average ET was 309.59 mm, and the ET of summer maize showed an increasing trend. The average WUE of perennial winter wheat and summer corn in Daxing district was 1.41 and 1.90 kg·m^(-3),respectively. This study could provide a reference for regional agricultural irrigation water efficiency evaluation and irrigation decision.

关 键 词：作物水分利用效率 冬小麦 夏玉米 蒸散发 大兴区 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]