间歇灌溉下不同生育时期喷施水溶性硅肥对水稻产量及品质的影响  

Effects of water-soluble silicon fertilizer application at different growth stages on rice yield and quality under intermittent irrigation

作　　者：邱菁华 薛铸 孙书洪 彭劲舟 张鹏飞 董建舒 衣若晨 QIU Jinghua;XUE Zhu;SUN Shuhong;PENG Jinzhou;ZHANG Pengfei;DONG Jianshu;YI Ruochen(Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Tianjin Agricultural Hydraulic Engineering Center,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384 [2]天津市农业水利技术工程中心,天津300384

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第9期50-57,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：天津市“项目+团队”重点培养专项资助项目(XB202016)。

摘　　要：为探寻间歇灌溉下水稻适宜施硅肥时期。2021年设置田间小区试验,以“津原85”为研究对象,在间歇灌溉下以不同生育时期喷施水溶性硅肥(6 kg·hm^(-2))设置6个处理,即:分蘖期(S1)、拔节期(S2)、孕穗期(S3)、抽穗期(S4)、扬花灌浆期(S5)和不施硅肥(CK)。分析间歇灌溉下不同生育时期施硅肥对水稻生长发育、产量及其构成因素、灌水利用效率及品质的影响,并作综合评价及经济效益分析。结果表明,间歇灌溉下增施硅肥对水稻功能叶的叶面积、实穗粒数、结实率、产量及灌水利用效率均有促进作用。间歇灌溉下水稻增施硅肥有利于提高糙米率和蛋白质含量,改善稻米加工和营养品质,但施硅肥提高稻米直链淀粉含量不利于改善稻米食味品质。间歇灌溉下分蘖期施硅肥综合评价及经济效率最高。综上,分蘖期为间歇灌溉下水稻推荐的施硅肥时期。The purpose of this paper was to experimentally study the suitable period of silicon fertilizer application in rice under intermittent irrigation. "Jinyuan 85" was used as the experimental material in 2021, field plot experiments with six treatments were set up by spraying water-soluble silicon fertilizer(6 kg · hm^(-2)) at different growth periods under intermittent irrigation, including the tillering stage(S1), the jointing stage(S2), the booting stage(S3), the heading stage(S4), the flowering grain-filling stage(S5) and the control(CK). The experiments measured and analyzed the indicators of rice growth and development, yield, yield components, irrigation water use efficiency and quality. Then, a comprehensive evaluation and economic benefit analysis of silicon fertilizer application in different growth periods under intermittent irrigation was conducted. The results showed that the addition of silicon fertilizer under intermittent irrigation not only promoted the leaf area of functional leaves of rice,full grain number, seed setting rate, yield and irrigation water use efficiency, but also improved the brown rice rate and protein content that affected the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice,while increasing the amylose content of rice, was not conducive to the improvement of rice eating quality. The highest comprehensive evaluation and economic benefit of rice under intermittent irrigation was the application of silicon fertilizer at the tillering stage. It was concluded that the suitable time for applying water-soluble silicon fertilizer to rice under intermittent irrigation was the tillering stage.

关 键 词：间歇灌溉 水稻 硅肥 产量 灌水利用效率 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S275.8[农业科学—农业水土工程] S511[农业科学—农业工程]