施氯量对压砂西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of chlorine application on growth,yield and quality of watermelon planting in gravel-sand-mulched field

作　　者：马瑞 王西娜[1] 田里 余顺博 魏照清 杨宗凯 谭军利[2] MA Rui;WANG Xina;TIAN Li;YU Shunbo;WEI Zhaoqing;YANG Zongkai;TAN Junli(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第9期58-66,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860590,31460546);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC02013);宁夏高等学校科学研究项目(NGY2018020)。

摘　　要：针对宁夏中部干旱带压砂地西瓜种植中长期采用含氯地下微咸水灌溉导致氯离子在土壤中大量累积而影响西瓜生长的问题,通过连续两年田间定位试验,设置不同施氯水平,研究氯对西瓜生长发育和产量品质的影响,为安全利用含氯微咸水及压砂西瓜可持续生产提供理论依据。结果表明,连续两年微咸水灌溉导致土壤氯增加59.5%,施用氯肥导致土壤中氯含量增加71.6%~96.3%。2020年,随施氯量增加,西瓜主蔓长、茎粗有一定增长趋势,在西瓜收获期(96 d),施氯量120 kg·hm^(-2)处理主蔓长和茎粗分别比对照增加12.7%和10.8%。2021年,西瓜主蔓长、茎粗及生物量均随施氯量增加呈先增后降趋势,在收获期(102 d),施氯量240 kg·hm^(-2)处理主蔓长、茎粗及生物量比较对照分别降低12.4%、7.0%、19.7%。氯对西瓜含糖量和酸度的影响较显著,施氯量240 kg·hm^(-2)处理的西瓜糖酸比较对照降低43.6%。对两年产量与施氯量之间作方程拟合发现,二者相关性达显著水平,最高产量为33489~48610 kg·hm^(-2),对应施氯量为98.3~113.8 kg·hm^(-2),当施氯量超过120 kg·hm^(-2)时,产量降低。说明在微咸水灌溉条件下,适量施氯对压砂西瓜生长有一定促进作用,超过120 kg·hm^(-2)时,西瓜生长受抑制,产量降低,品质下降。Aiming at the problem that chloride ions accumulate in the soil and affect the growth of watermelon due to the long-term use of chlorine-containing underground brackish water for watermelon planting in the gravel-sand-mulched field in the central arid zone of Ningxia,a two-year field plot positioning experiment with five chlorine rates were carried out to analyze the effects of chlorine on the growth,yield and quality of watermelon.The objective was to explore the chlorine toxicity threshold of watermelon and provide a theoretical basis for safe utilization of underground chlorine-containing brackish water.The results showed that the two consecutive years of brackish water irrigation increased soil chlorine by 59.5%,and application of chlorine fertilizer resulted in an increase of 71.6%-96.3%in soil chlorine content.In 2020,with the increase of chlorine application,the main vine length and stem thickness of watermelon showed a certain growth trend.During the harvest period of watermelon(96 d),the main vine length and stem thickness of the watermelon with 120 kg·hm^(-2) of chlorine application were higher 12.7%and 10.8%than those of the control,respectively.In 2021,the main vine length,stem thickness and biomass of watermelon increased first and then decreased with the increase of chlorine application rate,which decreased by 12.4%,7.0%,and 19.7%for 240 kg·hm^(-2) of chlorine rate,respectively,compared with the control at harvest.The effect of chlorine on the sugar content and acidity of watermelon was significant,and the sugar-acid ratio of watermelon treated with chlorine at 240 kg·hm^(-2) decreased by 43.6%compared with the control.The correlation between watermelon yield and the amount of chlorine application was significant by equation fitting.The maximum yield was 33489-48610 kg·hm^(-2),and the corresponding amount of chlorine application was 98.3-113.8 kg·hm^(-2).When the amount of chlorine application exceeded 120 kg·hm^(-2),the yield decreased.It was concluded that under the condition of brackish wat

关 键 词：压砂西瓜 施氯量 生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S363[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]