淹水条件下添加油菜秸秆及菌剂对设施西瓜土壤及其微生物的影响  

Influences of rape straw and microbial agent incorporation on facility cultivation watermelon soil fertility and the composition and function of microbes under anoxic conditions

作　　者：王庆峰 褚长彬[1] 赵峥[1] 杨乾罡 董月霞 周德平[1] 吴淑杭[1] WANG Qingfeng;CHU Changbin;ZHAO Zheng;YANG Qiangang;DONG Yuexia;ZHOU Deping;WU Shuhang(Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Hangzhou Jinjiang Group Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 310005,China;Shanghai Agricultural and Technology Service Center,Shanghai 200335,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]杭州锦江集团有限公司,杭州310005 [3]上海市农业科技服务中心,上海200335

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第9期2023-2032,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：上海市科委国内科技合作项目(20015800600);上海市科委农业领域重点攻关项目(18391902600);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科创字(2020)第2-1号);上海市农委科技兴农项目(2020-02-08-00-12-F01457);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(20YF1442600)。

摘　　要：为研究油菜秸秆作为土壤改良剂对设施栽培土壤的改良效果,并探讨其对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响,利用上海市农业科学院连续种植西瓜的设施化栽培土壤,在淹水条件下设置不同处理:淹水处理(CK)、淹水同时添加油菜秸秆处理(GSL),以及淹水条件下添加油菜秸秆和促腐促生菌剂(贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和曲霉)处理(B_GSL)。借助Illumina Miseq测序技术和FAPROTAX分析方法,探讨不同处理对土壤改良效果、土壤微生物群落结构和功能变化的影响。结果表明:添加油菜秸秆的处理(GSL和B_GSL)显著提高了土壤有机质含量,并缓解了设施土壤的酸化趋势,其中GSL处理使土壤pH提高到6.81,而B_GSL处理使pH提高到6.57。GSL和B_GSL处理显著提高了土壤微生物的丰富度(Chao1指数和ACE指数),Chao1指数在GSL处理和B_GSL处理下分别比CK处理提高了8.7%和6.7%。主坐标分析(PCoA)表明,添加油菜秸秆处理的土壤微生物群落组成显著区别于CK处理,而GSL和B_GSL处理的微生物群落组成相似度较高。T检验表明,GSL处理显著提高了硝酸盐呼吸和氮呼吸的功能,而对其他功能影响不显著,而B_GSL处理除了显著提高硝酸盐呼吸和氮呼吸的功能外,还显著提高了甲醇氧化、反硝化作用,并且降低了好氧氨氧化和硝化作用等功能,说明接种促腐促生菌剂加强了油菜秸秆作用的发挥。研究表明,添加油菜秸秆以及油菜秸秆和菌剂混施改善了设施栽培土壤的理化性状,提高了土壤微生物的丰富度,改变了土壤微生物的群落结构和功能,且添加菌剂处理加强了油菜秸秆对土壤功能的影响。This paper aims to investigate the influence of rape straw and microbial agent application on soil properties,and effects on microbial composition and functional traits after long-term watermelon continuous cultivation,to provide the theoretical basis for improving soil quality after extensive agricultural intensification using rape straw.Based on a continuous greenhouse watermelon planting experiment,the study conducted a pot experiment with pre-flooding(CK),pre-flooding and fresh rape straw addition(GSL),and GSL plus microbial agents(including Aspergillus niger and Bacillus velezensis,which can promote the decomposition of plant straw,B_GSL).This study tracked the impact of those treatments on the microbial diversity and composition by using Illumina Miseq.A functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa analysis was used to reveal the functional changes under the addition of rape straw and other treatments.The results showed that soil organic matter and pH were significantly increased,which pH increased from 5.93 to 6.81 and 6.57 in GSL and B_GSL treatments,respectively.The addition of rape straw(including GSL and B_GSL treatments)had no significant effect on microbial Shannon and Shannoneven diversity indices,but significantly increased richness index(Chao1 index and ACE index).Compared to CK treatments,Chao1 index in GSL and B_GSL treatments were increased by 8.7%and 6.7%,respectively.Soil microbial composition was significantly changed by rape straw addition(including GSL and B_GSL),but there was more similarity between GSL and B_GSL according to principal coordinates analysis(PCoA).The Student′s T test showed that GSL and B_GSL significantly increased nitrate respiration and associated functional traits compared to CK,while B_GSL also significantly promoted methanol oxidation,and denitrification function.In-addition,B_GSL significantly decreased aerobic ammonia oxidation and nitrification functions compared to CK and GSL treatments,indicating that the addition of microbial agents promoted the functional appli

关 键 词：设施化栽培 土壤改良 油菜秸秆 微生物群落 土壤功能 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S651[农业科学—农业基础科学] S154.3