施用生物刺激剂对空心菜种植增效减排效应研究  

Effects of biostimulants on efficiency increase and emission reduction in water spinach cultivation

作　　者：许纪元 郝雅琼 孙海军 董刚强 闵炬[1] 施卫明[1] XU Jiyuan;HAO Yaqiong;SUN Haijun;DONG Gangqiang;MIN Ju;SHI Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Nanjing Forestry University,College of Forestry,Nanjing 210037,China;Amway(China)Botanical R&D Center,Wuxi 214115,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]南京林业大学林学院,南京210037 [3]安利(中国)植物研发中心,江苏无锡214115

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第9期2073-2081,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872185);企业合作项目(Am20210407RD)。

摘　　要：通过观测不同生物刺激剂对空心菜产量及对菜地氮环境排放的影响,初步筛选出有利于空心菜种植氮利用增效与环境减排的生物刺激剂种类。开展设施菜地土壤土柱模拟试验,两季种植空心菜,设置8个处理:不施氮(CK),常规施氮(N)和常规施氮分别添加黄腐酸类物质(N+HA)、海藻提取物(N+AE)、壳聚糖(N+CT)、鱼蛋白(N+FPH)、大豆蛋白水解物(N+PPH)、微生物菌剂(N+FC)处理。观测不同生物刺激剂对空心菜产量、氮肥利用率、土壤NH_(3)挥发和N_(2)O排放的影响。两季种植结果表明:与N处理相比,添加不同生物刺激剂均可促进空心菜地上部氮吸收并提高产量,增产效果从高到低依次为N+HA、N+AE、N+CT、N+FC、N+FPH、N+PPH,其中,N+HA、N+AE和N+CT两季平均增幅分别达29.2%、26.5%和15.0%,氮表观利用率从13.7%分别提高到22.2%、21.1%和19.2%;NH3挥发损失平均削减率从大到小依次为N+AE、N+HA、N+CT、N+FPH、N+PPH,其中,N+HA、N+AE和N+CT两季平均分别降低16.1%、24.2%和9.6%。与N处理相比,6种生物刺激剂处理均增加了土壤N_(2)O排放,增幅为8.4%~29.8%。研究表明,氮肥配施HA、AE和CT这3种生物刺激剂可以显著提高空心菜产量和氮肥利用率,并显著减少NH3挥发排放,此外,不同种类生物刺激剂的施用均存在N_(2)O排放增加的风险。By observing the effects of different biostimulants on the yield of cabbage and the environmental emission of nitrogen(N)in vegetable field,the species of biostimulants,which are beneficial to the utilization efficiency and environmental emission reduction of CABBAGE planting N,were preliminarily screened out.A soil column simulation experiment was carried out in a vegetable plot facility,and water spinach was planted for two consecutive years.Eight treatments were set up:No N(CK),conventional N(N),and conventional N were combined with fulvic acid(N+HA),algae extracts(N+AE),chitosan(N+CT),fish protein hydrolysates(N+FPH),soy protein hydrolysates(N+PPH),and microbial agent(N+FC).The effects of different biostimulants on yield,N fertilizer efficiency,soil NH_(3) volatilization,and N_(2)O emission were observed.Compared with the N treatment,different biostimulants promoted N absorption and increase the yield of water spinach shoots,and the increasing effect from high to low was as follows:N+HA,N+AE,N+CT,N+FC,N+FPH,and N+PPH.The average yield of N+HA,N+AE and N+CT in two years increased by 29.2%,26.5%,and 15.0%,respectively,and the apparent utilization rate of N increased from 13.7%to 22.2%,21.1%,and 19.2%,respectively.The average reduction rate of NH3 volatilization loss was in the following order:N+AE,N+HA,N+CT,N+FPH,and N+PPH.The average reduction rate of N+HA,N+AE,and N+CT in two years was 16.1%,24.2%,and 9.6%,respectively.Compared with the N treatment,six biostimulant treatments increased soil N_(2)O emission by 0.16~0.56 kg·hm^(-2),with an increase rate of 8.4%~29.8%.The synergistic and emission reduction effects of different biostimulants on water spinach were comprehensively analyzed.N fertilizer combined with HA,AE,and CT significantly improved the yield and N fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage and significantly reduced NH_(3) volatilization emission.In addition,the application of different kinds of biostimulants had the risk of increased N_(2)O emission.

关 键 词：生物刺激剂 菜地 氨挥发 氧化亚氮 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S636.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]