风电光伏波动性电源对电解水制氢电解槽影响的研究进展  

Research progress of the influence of wind power and photovoltaic of power fluctuation on water electrolyzer for hydrogen production

作　　者：丁显 冯涛 何广利 胡婷 刘延江 DING Xian;FENG Tao;HE Guangli;HU Ting;LIU Yanjiang(China Green Development Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020,China;Duchengweiye Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020,China;New Energy Technology R&D Center,National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy,Beijing 102211,China)

机构地区：[1]中国绿发投资集团有限公司,北京100020 [2]都城伟业集团有限公司,北京100020 [3]北京低碳清洁能源研究院,北京102211

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2022年第10期3275-3284,共10页Energy Storage Science and Technology

摘　　要：通过可再生能源电解水制氢,用于交通、工业等亟需脱碳的领域,是实现绿色可持续发展的重要技术路径。可再生能源具有波动性特征,风电表现为实时随机波动,而光伏发电表现为较为规律的昼夜周期特性。当电解槽输入波动性电源时,电解槽电压和电流发生变化,电流变化幅度明显高于电压。本文综述了碱性电解槽和质子交换膜电解槽在波动性电源输入下的性能衰退机制和材料劣化机理。对于碱性电解槽,波动性电源变化在分钟级以下时,电解槽无法快速跟随响应,导致反应平衡和热平衡无法建立,可能产生电极催化剂溶解、聚集,隔膜机械损伤,电解液析出堵塞反应通道等现象,使得电解槽性能发生衰减。对于质子交换膜电解槽,电源波动性导致阳极催化剂溶解、迁移、沉积和聚集,隔膜由于局部热点和羟基自由基攻击发生降解,双极板发生溶解和氧化腐蚀,导致电解槽性能下降。基于波动性对电解槽的工况-材料-结构-性能影响规律,进行正向设计开发,研究缓解策略,提升电解槽抵抗电源波动性能力,从而增加可再生能源利用率,对于降低电解水制氢成本、推动规模化应用具有重要意义。By reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the fields of transportation and industry,hydrogen generation from water electrolysis using renewable energy is a key technical avenue to attaining green and sustainable development.Renewable energy exhibits intermittent properties,with photovoltaic power exhibiting a relatively periodic output variation and wind power exhibiting a random fluctuation.The alkaline water electrolyzer and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer performance and material degradation mechanisms under fluctuating power input are reviewed in this research.For the alkaline water electrolyzer,when the fluctuation power change is below the minute level,the electrolyzer cannot respond in time,thereby preventing the reaction balance and heat balance from being established,which may lead to the phenomenon of electrode catalyst dissolution and aggregation,diaphragm mechanical damage,electrolyte precipitation blocking reaction channel,etc.,making the performance of the electrolytic cell decay.In a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer,the fluctuation of power supply leads to the dissolution,migration,deposition,and aggregation of anode catalyst;the membrane degrades due to the attack of the local hot spot and hydroxyl free radical,and the dissolution and oxidation corrosion of the bipolar plate leads to the degradation of the electrolyzer performance.The ability of the electrolyzer to resist the fluctuation of power supply can be improved by studying mitigation strategies based on the influence rule of fluctuation on the operating condition,material,structure,and performance of the electrolyzer.This will increase the utilization rate of renewable energy,which is crucial to lowering the cost of hydrogen production from electrolytic water and promoting its widespread application.

关 键 词：电源波动性 电解水制氢 催化剂 质子交换膜 双极板 

分 类 号：TK9[动力工程及工程热物理]