促进老年人身心健康的城市公园景观空间研究  

Effect of Urban Park Landscape Spaces on the Elderly’sPhysical and Psychological Well-being

作　　者：王淑芬[1] 许春城 王瑶[1] 王星龙 韩英杰 WANG Shufen;XU Chuncheng;WANG Yao;WANG Xinglong;HAN Yingjie(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市建设学部建筑与城市规划学院,北京100124

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报》2022年第10期1036-1045,共10页Journal of Beijing University of Technology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8212006)。

摘　　要：为了解决城市公园促进老年人健康、建设适老化城市环境的问题,定量研究了城市公园不同景观空间对老年人身心健康的影响.研究以北京朝阳公园为样地,选择6大类12小类景观空间作为试验样本,测量老年被试者体验不同景观空间后的生理指标,填写感知恢复量表和简明心境量表,运用层次分析法和德尔菲法对被试者生理、心理指标进行评价,对公园不同景观空间身心健康恢复效益进行排序,通过方差分析、相关性分析和对比分析,揭示相关因素对老年人身心恢复效果.结果表明:密林景观、花田景观和溪流景观对老年人的身心恢复效果较好;蓝绿占比大、设施完善的景观对老年人的身心恢复效果较好;老年人性别、年龄和生理指标测量方式等对老年人的身心恢复效果也有不同程度的影响.不同城市公园景观空间对老年人身心健康的影响效果不同,合理布局各类景观空间的比例并针对性地完善景观空间要素,有助于促进老年人身心健康,发挥城市公园最佳健康效益.To understand how urban parks can best promote elderly well-being and build elderly-friendly cities,quantitative research on how different urban park landscape spaces affect elderly well-being was studied in this paper.Taking Chaoyang Park in Beijing as the object of study,6 major types and 12 minor types of landscape spaces were selected as experimental samples.Physiological indexes were measured and psychological-gradient forms Profile of Mood States and Perceived Restorative Scale were filled out after elderly persons experiencing different landscape spaces.AHP and Delphi methods were used to evaluate the physiological and psychological indexes and to obtain index weights.Through variance,relevance,and comparative analyses,the physical and mental health recovery factors in park landscape spaces were ranked.Data analysis shows that dense forests,flower fields,and stream landscapes produce the best results on elderly physical and psychological well-being.Well-equipped areas with more blue and green colors are great for the elderly's mental and physical recovery.The measure methods of gender,age,and physiological index also affect the results to varying degrees.Since different spaces impact elderly mental and physical well-being differently,maintaining a proper ratio of various urban park landscape spaces and a targeted complementation of landscape elements would be mostconducive to the improvement of the physical and mental health of the elderly and would give the fullestplay to the health benefits of urban parks.

关 键 词：风景园林 城市公园 景观空间 老年人 健康效益 身心健康 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]