等距离海洋划界模型研究  

Research on equidistant maritime delimitation model

作　　者：张建辉 张学峰[1] 肖利 陈韶阳 ZHANG Jianhui;ZHAGN Xuefeng;XIAO Li;CHEN Shaoyang(School of Maritime Science and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学海洋科学与技术学院,天津300072 [2]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2022年第4期1-9,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42076204);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1405500);天津哲学社会科学规划课题(TJKS20XSX-015)。

摘　　要：海洋划界是沿岸国家海洋权利主张重叠时需要解决的重大问题,实现公平划界需要法律和技术紧密结合。从技术角度看,海洋划界是利用地理空间分析方法将海洋划界法律条约转换为海上边界地理实体的过程。海洋划界方法有很多种,其中等距离划界方法最为常用。但现有研究大多集中于等距离划界法律规则研究,对于具体实现技术和方法研究较少,特别是对于“三点法”、“水线法”、“弹性圆法”不同等距离划界模型之间技术差异的相关研究更为少见。本文在梳理国内外常用等距离海洋划界模型的技术原理、适用场景和存在问题,选取具体算例比较了不同等距离划界算法计算结果差异及其产生原因,认为“三点法”划界模型具有原理简单、运算高效、符合《公约》法律概念,最后提出发展我国自主可控的高精度海洋划界模型需要解决的核心问题。Maritime delimitation is one of the most important issues to be solved when the maritime claims of coastal countries overlap. The achievement of equitable delimitation requires the close integration of law and technology. From technical point of view, maritime delimitation is a process of transforming legal treaties on maritime boundary into geographical entities applying geospatial analysis methods. There are many methods of maritime delimitation, among which equidistant delimitation is the most commonly used. However, most of the existing studies focus on the legal rules of equidistant delimitation. There is less research on the specific implementation technologies and methods, especially the relevant research on the technical differences between different equidistant delimitation models, such as three-point method, waterline method and elastic circle method. By sorting out the technical principles, applicable scenarios and existing problems of common equidistant maritime delimitation models at home and overseas, this paper chooses practical examples to compare the calculation results of different equidistant delimitation algorithms and their causes, and considers that the three-point method equidistant model has simple principle, efficient operation and conforms to the legal concept of the UNCLOS. The core problems to be solved in developing China’s independent and controllable high-precision maritime delimitation model is put forward finally.

关 键 词：海洋划界 中间线/等距离线 三点法模型 水线法模型 弹性圆法 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学]