几种抗生素和手术季节对马氏珠母贝育珠贝成活率、留核率和商品珠率的影响  

Influences of antibiotics and season on nucleus retention, pearl formation and pearl oyster survival in Pinctada martensii aquaculture

作　　者：梁飞龙[1] 邓岳文[1] LIANG Feilong;DENG Yuewen(Pearl Research Institute,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524025,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学珍珠研究所,广东湛江524025

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2022年第4期50-56,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家贝类产业技术体系(CARS-49);广东省海洋渔业科技与产业发展专项珍珠产业发展项目“马氏珠母贝超厚层优质珍珠培育技术研究与示范”(Z2015005)。

摘　　要：为了提高马氏珠母贝珍珠培养的效益,比较几种抗生素和手术季节对马氏珠母贝育珠贝成活率、留核率和商品珠率的影响。实验1,使用浓度500、1000和1500 mg/L头孢克肟、四环素、阿奇霉素和罗红霉素对手术工具、珠核和移植小片进行消毒处理;实验2,在春季(4月)、夏季(6月)和秋季(10月)进行植核手术。结果是,抗生素的浓度对育珠贝的成活率具有显著影响(P<0.05),1500 mg/L抗生素处理组的育珠贝成活率最高,500 mg/L最低,抗生素种类和浓度对育珠贝成活率无显著交互作用;抗生素的种类和浓度对育珠贝留核率具有显著影响(P<0.05),抗生素种类和浓度对育珠贝留核率存在显著交互效应,1000 mg/L头孢克肟组、1500 mg/L四环素组和1500 mg/L阿奇霉素组育珠贝留核率显著高于其它处理组;抗生素种类和浓度对育珠贝商品珠率存在显著影响(P<0.05),抗生素种类和浓度之间无显著交互效应。手术季节对育珠贝留核率和商品珠率无显著影响(P>0.05),但对育珠贝成活率具有显著影响(P<0.05),秋季(10月)植核的育珠贝成活率最高,夏季(6月)植核的育珠贝成活率最低。Two experiments(Experiment I and II) were carried out to assess the influences of antibiotics and season on nucleus retention, pearl formation and survival rate of host pearl oyster Pinctada fuctada martensii. In Experiment I, grafting tools, nuclei and mantle tissue were sterilized by cefixime, tetracycline, azithromycin and roxithromycin at 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/L, respectively. In Experiment II, grafting experiments were conducted in spring(April), summer(June) and autumn(October), respectively. The results showed that the concentration of antibiotics had a significant effect on survival rate of host oyster. The survival rate was the highest for the host oyster treated at 1,500 mg/Lof antibiotics, and the lowest was treated at 500 mgL. There was no significant interaction between antibiotics and concentration in terms of survival rate. Antibiotics and concentration had a significant impact on retention rate of operated oyster, interaction between antibiotics and concentration had significant effects on retention rate. The grafting tools, nuclei and mantle tissue were sterilized at 1,000 mg/Land 1,500 mg/Lof cefixime and tetracycline, and 1,500 mg/Lof azithromycin had higher retention rate than other groups. Antibiotics and concentration significantly affected pearl formation rate of operated oyster. There was no significant interaction between antibiotics and concentration on pearl formation rate. Grafting season had a significant effect on survival of host oyster, with the highest survival rate(51.93%) in autumn and the lowest(29.33%) in summer, respectively. There was no significant difference among three groups in retention rate and pearl formation rate.

关 键 词：抗生素 植核季节 马氏珠母贝 成活率 留核率 商品珠率 

分 类 号：S968.35[农业科学—水产养殖]