大国竞争与种族主义的交织:1922年"小泽孝雄诉美国"案及其影响  

Great Power Competition Intertwining Racism:The Case of Takao Ozawa versus the United States in 1922 and Its Impact

作　　者：潘米奇 Pan Miqi

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第4期30-46,I0004,共18页World History

摘　　要：19—20世纪之交,美国本土主义盛行,外来移民,尤其是亚洲移民的生存空间不断受到挤压,获得美国“公民权”的机会几乎被从移民法律层面完全封堵。1914年秋,日裔移民小泽孝雄希望利用法律规定的模糊性缺口,即日本人也可被视为浅肤色的“白人”而有资格入籍,试图为日裔移民的入籍打开一线生机。但是,该案在地方法院层面和最高法院层面均遭驳回。该案的败诉,不仅是法理层面的问题,还受到美国国内基于种族偏见的本土主义排外思潮以及美国对地缘政治敌手日本提防的影响。At the turn of the 19^(th) and the 20^(th) centuries,due to the prevalence of Nativism in the United States,the living condition of immigrants in the U.S.,especially Asian immigrants,severely deteriorated.The pathway for Asian immigrants to obtain the American citizenship was also almost blocked by legislative and judicial means.However,in the fall of 1914,a Japanese immigrant named Takao Ozawa tried to carve out a way for Japanese immigrants being qualified for naturalisation by arguing that the light-skinned Japanese can also be classified as’white person’so that they had the required ethnic qualification.

关 键 词：美国移民史 小泽孝雄 种族主义 美日关系 公民权 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.1[历史地理—历史学] K712.52[历史地理—世界史] K313.45