中国城市群城市生产性服务功能与地理距离:网络外部性的视角  

Urban producer service functions and geographical distance in Chinese city clusters:A perspective from network externalities

作　　者：王艺晓 孙斌栋 张婷麟[1,2,3,4] WANG Yixiao;SUN Bindong;ZHANG Tinglin(Research Center for China Administrative Division,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Institute of Eco-Chongming,Shanghai 202162,China;School of Urban and Regional Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Future City Lab,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心,上海200241 [2]崇明生态研究院,上海202162 [3]华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海200241 [4]华东师范大学未来城市实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《地理研究》2022年第9期2418-2432,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA068);国家自然科学基金项目(42001183、42071210);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学新文科创新平台(2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)。

摘　　要：以往研究对于距离在网络外部性影响城市功能过程中的作用所知甚少,而且多关注城市网络外部性的正面效应,对城市间竞争以及由此所带来的网络外部性的负效应缺少分析。为了弥补已有研究的不足,本文采用空间的视角,以城市群内的城市生产性服务功能为例,建立一个核心-外围的空间结构来揭示城市生产性服务功能、网络外部性与地理距离之间的关系。研究发现:①城市生产性服务功能强度随着远离城市群核心城市而上升,互联网渗透率和列车网络中心度会显著地强化这一效应;②城市生产性服务功能随距离变化的机制在于竞争效应比协同效应对地理距离更加敏感,从而衰减更快,因而靠近核心城市的城市在生产性服务功能上遭受了“集聚阴影”,而远离核心城市的城市在功能上更多的受到了协同作用的支撑。本文结论为推进城市群内的分工协作与一体化发展提供了重要启示。Producer service,as one of the important urban functions,reflects the urban ability to serve other cities in the networked urban system.Correspondingly,the urban producer service functions can be influenced by the relationships,particularly distance between these cities.Previous research paid little attention to the role which distance between cities plays in network externalities,and focused more on the positive effects of network externalities stemming from synergy,which derives from cooperation between cities,while neglecting the negative ones caused by intercity market competition.To further explore the relationship between urban functions,geographical distance and network externalities,this paper builds a theoretical city-cluster model with core-periphery spatial structure.This model hypothesizes that the impact of network externalities on the producer service functions depends on the tradeoff between synergy effect and competition effect,which are closely related to the spatial relationships,or distances,between cities.Employing data of 12 city clusters in China from2013 to 2016,and applying the employment ratio of the producer service sector to the manufacturing sector to measure the intensity of urban producer service functions,we examine the effects of geographical distance on urban producer service functions.The results reveal that:(1)the intensity of urban producer service functions increases with distance from the core city.In addition,internet penetration rate and transportation network centrality significantly reinforce this effect.(2)The mechanism is based on the difference in sensitivity to geographical distance between the competition effect and synergy effect.Seemingly,the competition effect decays more quickly with distance than the synergy effect.Thus producer service functions of the cities which are close to the core city tend to suffer the"agglomeration shadow"effect resulted from competition,while producer service functions of the cities which are further away tend to benefit from the syne

关 键 词：网络外部性 地理距离 城市群 生产性服务业 功能专业化 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济]