东北黑土区近半世纪土地利用变化时空特征分析  

Spatio-temporal change in land uses of the black soil area in northeast China over the past half century

作　　者：肖红叶 刘国栋 杨泽[1,2,3] 房娜娜 戴慧敏 刘凯[1,2,3] 韩晓萌 朱恒[1] XIAO Hong-Ye;LIU Guo-Dong;YANG Ze;FANG Na-Na;DAI Hui-Min;LIU Kai;HAN Xiao-Meng;ZHU Heng(Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey,Shenyang 110034,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shenyang 110034,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]自然资源部黑土地演化与生态效应重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110034 [3]辽宁省黑土地演化与生态效应重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《物探与化探》2022年第5期1037-1049,共13页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“东北黑土地1∶25万土地质量地球化学调查”(121201007000161312)、“兴凯湖平原及松辽平原西部土地质量地球化学调查”(DD20190520)。

摘　　要：东北黑土区作为世界四大黑土区之一,分布着肥沃、珍稀的黑土资源,它的保护和利用历来备受关注。土地利用/覆盖变化影响生态系统的结构、功能和健康,对实现土地资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本文选取1970年、1995年、2010年和2020年四期土地利用/覆盖数据,应用土地利用转移矩阵、综合动态度、空间变化模型等方法分析东北黑土区近半世纪以来的土地利用变化时空特征,发现:①近半世纪以来东北黑土区建设用地、耕地及草地面积总体增加,湿地、林地及未利用地面积总体降低,地类变化主要集中于三江平原、松嫩平原西北部及西辽河平原地区;②各地类变化均以交变量占主导优势,存在大量空间位置转移;③土地利用程度呈逐年小幅增长的趋势,但仍低于全国水平,土地开发利用的潜力巨大。未来,应进一步研究东北黑土区土地利用变化时空特征、机制及其对生态环境、生态服务功能、碳收支平衡的影响,优化国土空间布局,实现“把黑土地用好养好”。As one of four major black soil areas in the world,the black soil area in northeast China boasts fertile and rare black soil resources,and its protection and utilization have always attracted much attention.The changes in land uses/cover affect the structure,function,and health of the ecosystem and thus are greatly significant for the sustainable utilization of land resources.Based on the data on the land uses/cover in 1970,1995,2010,and 2020,this study analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of the change in the land uses of the black soil area in northeast China over the past half century using the methods,such as transfer matrix,comprehensive dynamic degree,and spatial change model.The results are as follows.①The areas of construction land,cultivated land,and grassland in the black soil area of northeast China generally increased over the past half century,whereas the areas of wetland,woodland,and unused land generally decreased.The changes in land types mainly occurred in the Sanjiang Plain,the northwestern Songnen Plain,and the Xiliaohe Plain.②The change in each land type was dominated by the alternating quantity,with a large amount of spatial position shift occurring.③The degree of land utilization slightly increased yearly but is still lower than the national level,suggesting considerable potential for land development and utilization.Therefore,further studies should focus on the spatio-temporal characteristics and mechanisms of the change in the land uses of the black soil area in northeast China,as well as their impacts on the habitats,ecological service functions,and balance of carbon budget,to fully utilize and protect the black soil area and optimize the national spatial layout.

关 键 词：黑土区 土地利用 转移矩阵 

分 类 号：P632[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]