量子时代科学思维的特征  

Characteristics of Scientific Thinking in the Quantum Time

作　　者：张旗[1] 汤军[2] 原杰 焦守涛 王跃 王振[6,7] 刘思晗 ZHANG Qi;TANG Jun;YUAN Jie;JIAO Shou-tao;WANG Yue;WANG Zhen;LIU Si-han(Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;School of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;Xingtai University,Xingtai Hebei 054001,China;Development Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Technology Innovation Center of Geological Information,MNR,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]长江大学地球科学学院,武汉430100 [3]邢台学院,河北邢台054001 [4]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [5]自然资源部地质信息工程技术创新中心,北京100037 [6]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [7]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [8]昆明理工大学,昆明650000

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2022年第4期854-860,共7页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：岩石圈演化国家重点实验室基金项目(81300001);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1505501,2016YFC0600510);国家自然科学基金项目(41872253);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221785)。

摘　　要：以牛顿力学为代表的是近代科学,而相对论、量子力学和复杂性科学代表的是现代科学。确定性思维是近代科学的思维方式,现代科学则使确定性思维让位于不确定性思维。现代科学对应于现代哲学,现代哲学的研究方法主要体现在证伪主义与不确定性理论两个方面。证伪就是试错、反驳、批判。因为,只有经过证伪的理论(猜测,假说)才能上升为理论。任何科学理论都是不确定的,或推测性的,包括相对论。我们在科学研究中必须采用证伪的方法,树立不确定性思维,去创新性预测事物的发展、演化与变异,并采用复杂性科学方法思考问题,这样,我们才能跟上时代的步伐。The modern science is represented by the Newtonian mechanics,while the contemporary science is represented by the theory of relativity,quantum mechanics and complexity science.The deterministic thinking is the way of thinking in the modern science,while it is given way to the uncertain thinking in the contemporary science.The contemporary science corresponds to the contemporary philosophy whose research methods are mainly embodied in two aspects including the falsificationism and uncertainty theory.Falsification means trial and error,rebuttal,and criticism.This is because only a theory(guess,hypothesis)that has been falsified can be upgraded to the status of a theory.However,all of the scientific theories are generally uncertain or speculative ones,including relativit.In scientific researches,we must adopt falsification methods and establish uncertain thinking to innovatively predict the development,evolution and variation of things,and must use complex scientific methods to think about problems.In this way,we can keep up with the pace of the times.

关 键 词：量子 近代科学 现代科学 证伪 不确定性 

分 类 号：P618[天文地球—矿床学] O413[天文地球—地质学]