共同富裕背景下房地产税改革的收入分配效应研究  

A Study on the Income Distribution Effect of Real Estate Tax Reform in the Context of Common Wealth

作　　者：尹彦辉 洪群联[2] 孙祥栋 Yin Yanhui;Hong Qunlian;Sun Xiangdong

机构地区：[1]山东管理学院经贸学院 [2]中国宏观经济研究院产业经济与技术经济研究所 [3]北京化工大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2022年第8期24-38,共15页Macroeconomics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA100);山东省社科规划项目(20CCXJ19);北京社会科学基金项目(21LLYJB103)的资助。

摘　　要：为厘清房地产税改革调节居民收入分配的经济机理,揭示其在实现“房住不炒”与“共同富裕”目标中可发挥的效力,本文构建嵌入三类异质性家庭且多部门同时存在金融摩擦的动态随机一般均衡模型,引入房地产税与宏观审慎政策,据以系统考察统一和差异税基评估率下房地产税政策、宏观审慎政策对收入分配格局的影响及其作用差异。研究表明:征收房地产税有利于缩小收入差距,但会造成经济收缩;家庭信贷收缩具有“增高、提低”的收入政策效应,但不利于改善收入差距;在房价波动一致的前提下,房地产税相较于家庭信贷约束引致的经济波动更大;房地产高税、低税均具优化收入极化的效应,但两者对收入分配改善的作用机制不同。相应的政策建议是:慎重选择时机出台房地产税,科学合理设置差异化房地产税基、税率,提升金融服务实体经济和满足居民住房需求的效能。In order to clarify the economic mechanism of real estate tax reform in regulating the income distribution of residents, and reveal its effectiveness in achieving the goals of ’housing without speculation’ and ’common prosperity’, this paper constructs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model embedded in three types of heterogeneous households with simultaneous financial frictions in multiple sectors, and introduces real estate taxation and macroprudential policies, whereby the effects of real estate tax policies and macroprudential policies on income distribution patterns under uniform and differential tax base assessment rates and the differences in their effects are systematically examined. The study shows that: the real estate tax is beneficial to reduce income disparity but causes economic contraction;household credit contraction has the effect of ’raising high and raising low’, but it does not improve income disparity;under the premise of consistent house price fluctuation, real estate tax causes more economic fluctuation than household credit constraint;both high-rate and low-rate real estate tax can optimize income polarization, but they have different mechanisms to optimize income distribution. The corresponding policy suggestions are to carefully choose the timing to introduce real estate tax, to scientifically and reasonably set the differentiated real estate tax base and tax rate, and to enhance the effectiveness of financial services to the real economy and to meet the housing needs of residents.

关 键 词：房地产税改革 异质性家庭 家庭信贷 收入分配 

分 类 号：F299.23[经济管理—国民经济] F812.42F124.7