媒介规范视野下美、德、俄三国的网络虚假信息治理  

Counter-disinformation Policies from the Perspective of Normative Media Theory:Cases of the U.S.,Germany and Russia

作　　者：张慧敏[1] Zhang Huimin(the School of Politics and International Relations,East China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2022年第3期116-134,M0006,M0007,共21页Journal of International Relations

摘　　要：随着网络媒介在社会场景中的应用性更上一层楼,人类社会越来越多地面临网络虚假信息的挑战。世界各国纷纷开启虚假信息治理的探索之路。美国为消极的媒介自由观所累,迟迟难以找回政府在监管中的合法性。德国与俄罗斯虽有所行动,但两国在监管边界和治理模式上的相关立法和政策工具皆未完善,且同时面临国内和国际的舆论压力。从政策内容看,三国不约而同地重新审视科技公司与网络平台在监管中权责问题,但因话语氛围的差异,美、德、俄分别从民主危机、公共价值、信息安全的角度推进本国的治理进程。With the prevalence of internet media and digitalization in our society,we are facing strings of fast-moving,unwanted,false and bewildering information.Online disinformation is now becoming an increasing issue in the public sphere;yet the war against disinformation has just begun.On the one hand,the United States is burdened by the doctrine of marketplace of ideas,which leads to its inability to rebuild the legitimacy of the government on media regulation.On the other hand,Germany and Russia have taken actions to tackle the issue,but their explorations of regulatory boundaries and governance mode are far from complete while being pressured on domestic and international public opinions.From the perspective of policy analysis,the three countries have invariably re-examined the rights and responsibilities of technology companies and online platforms in supervision,but based on their different discourse atmosphere,the United States,Germany,and Russia have promoted their governance processes differently from the perspectives of democratic crisis,public values,and national security.

关 键 词：虚假信息 网络信息管理 立法选举干预 网络执行法案 信息安全 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] G206[政治法律—法学]