Sodiophilic skeleton based on the packing of hard carbon microspheres for stable sodium metal anode without dead sodium  

作　　者：Ruoxue Qiu Si Zhao Zhijin Ju Yiyin Huang Lituo Zheng Ruqian Lian Xinyong Tao Zhensheng Hong 

机构地区：[1]Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials,College of Physics and Energy,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,Fujian,China [2]Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering,Fuzhou 350117,Fujian,China [3]College of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,Zhejiang,China [4]School of Physical Science and Technology,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,Hebei,China

出　　处：《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2022年第10期400-406,I0010,共8页能源化学（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 51874099);the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province’s Key Project(2021J02031)。

摘　　要：The propensity of metallic Na dendrites from uneven electrodeposits and the low Coulombic efficiency due to the inevitable existence of "dead sodium" are crucial barriers to realizing the Na metal anode.Herein,we report a multifunctional sodiophilic skeleton based on the packing of hard carbon(HC)microspheres for stable sodium metal electrodeposition without "dead sodium".Firstly,HC is sodiophilic substrate due to the intrinsic heteroatoms or defects which is a favor for the nucleation of Na.Secondly,silver nanoparticles electroplating on HC(Ag-HC)was adopted to boost the Na diffusion and further regulate the uniform Na metal epitaxial deposition due to well compatibility with AIMD simulation.Finally,the packing of HC microspheres provides the inner space for Na plating.Importantly,it was first found by Cryo-TEM that Na metal deposition in nanoscale is achieved by oriented attachment along[110]direction,leading to the formation of polycrystalline Na metal film on Ag-HC.Such epitaxial deposition can efficiently reduce the formation of "dead sodium" as revealed by chromatography tests,allowing the high Coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability robust kinetics.Finally,HC-Ag||Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)full cell with a low negative/positive ratio of 0.6 is firstly achieved and displays good cycling stability.This finding provides a new practical strategy without pre-plating of Na metals and demonstrates a highly reversible polycrystalline Na metal anode toward a high-energy Na-based battery.

关 键 词：Sodium metal batteries ANODE Hard carbon skeleton Polycrystalline Na metals 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TG146.26[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]