语言安全视角下中亚多语战略实施困境分析  

An analysis of the implementation dilemma of the multilingual strategy in Central Asia from the perspective of language security

作　　者：曾婷 黄忠廉 Zeng Ting;Huang Zhonglian

机构地区：[1]上海第二工业大学文理学部 [2]广东外语外贸大学翻译学研究中心

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2022年第3期18-22,共5页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国翻译理论发展史研究”(项目编号:20&ZD312);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“基于语料库的俄罗斯新媒体中国报道的话语研究”(项目编号:19YJC740003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：中亚国家独立后,各国政府实施适合本国国情的多语战略,对中亚地区的语言状况产生重要影响。但是,多语战略在帮助中亚国家走上国际化发展道路的同时,也引发中亚各国的“语言自身安全”(主体语言安全、少数民族语言安全)和“语言关系安全”(国语与俄语关系安全、国语与英语关系安全)问题。从主体语言安全维度来看,作为国语的主体语言在工具性和文化性功能之间存在不协调,国语语言文字的本体规划受到历史和政策影响波动频繁;从少数民族语言安全维度来看,各国政府在多语战略的制定和实施过程中对本国其他少数民族语言的规划重视不足,少数民族语言大都被排挤出教育领域;从国语与俄语关系安全的维度来看,国语的政治正确与俄语的工具功能长期博弈,语言矛盾突出;从国语与英语关系安全的维度来看,英语作为一门强势语言在教育领域抢占国语生存空间,语言竞争激烈。深入了解中亚国家语言安全现状,可为我国制定跨文化语言安全战略提供科学依据。After the independence, the Central Asian governments implemented a multilingual strategy in accordance with their national conditions, which had a significant impact on their language situations. While the multilingual strategy has helped Central Asian countries embark on the path of international development, it also triggers the “language security”(majoritylanguage security and minority-language security) and “language relation security”(the national language and Russian, the national language and English). In terms of majority-language security, there is an inconsistency between the instrumental and cultural functions of the majority language. The majority language is also used as the national language in a multilingual society. The ontology planning of the national language is frequently affected by history and policies. As to minority-language security, when developing and implementing a multilingual strategy, the governments did not pay enough attention to the planning of minority languages in their countries, causing that the minority languages were mostly excluded from the education filed. From the dimension of language relation security between the national language and Russian, the prominent language conflict emerged because of the long-term game between the political correctness of the national language and the instrumental function of Russian. From the perspective of linguistic relation security between the national language and English, English as a dominant language is occupying the living space of the national language in the education filed and the competition between the two languages is fierce. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the current state of the language security in Central Asian countries can provide a scientific basis for China to formulate a cross-cultural language security strategy.

关 键 词：中亚国家 多语战略 语言自身安全 语言关系安全 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]