效力抑或效用:我国判例运用的功利取向  

Validity or Utility:The Utilitarian Orientation in the Judicial Precedent Application in China

作　　者：顾培东 Gu Peidong

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2022年第5期46-59,共14页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：最高人民法院司法案例研究课题(2021SFAL038)。

摘　　要：在判例运用深度嵌入我国成文法体制的情势下,需要深入审视我国判例运用的功利取向。决定判例运用功利取向的根本因素在于秉持何种“判例观”,即究竟是将判例视为具有约束力的裁判规则还是将其认知为司法经验与智慧的智识载体,由此关系到我国判例运用所坚持的是效力取向还是效用取向。我国指导性案例制度的建构基本上以效力为取向。然而,判例运用的现实需求已然越出对效力的追求而更主要显示出对判例综合效用的汲取。因此,我国判例运用的功利取向应当是判例的效用,而不只是效力,主要体现为注重判例运用在完善司法规范体系、提升法律适用水平、增进审判监督管理效能、推动司法整体水平的均衡发展、提升司法对外部社会影响力等方面的整体功效。从提高判例运用的效用出发,应当着眼于推进权威判例数据库的建设、合理塑造判例运用方式以及加快判例运用制度的系统化建设。As the judicial precedent application has been deeply embedded in China’s statutory law system,it is necessary to scrutinize the utilitarian orientation of it.The fundamental factor that determines the utilitarian orientation lies in the“jurisprudence view”,that is,whether to regard judicial precedents as binding adjudication rules or to recognize them as intellectual carriers of judicial experience and wisdom.Corresponding to this are respectively the validity orientation and the utility orientation.The construction of guiding-case system of China is essentially oriented by validity.However,the realistic demand for the precedent application has gone beyond the pursuit of validity,and mainly shows the absorption of the comprehensive utility of precedent.Therefore,the utilitarian orientation of the precedent application in our country should be utility,not just validity,which should primarily be exemplified in the focus on the overall effectiveness of the precedent application,such as perfecting the system of judicial norms,enhancing the level of the application of law,increasing the efficiency of trial supervision management,promoting the balanced development of the whole level of justice,expanding the judicial influence on society.In order to improve the utility of the precedent application,we should aim at building of authoritative case database,shaping the way of precedent application reasonably and speeding up the systematic construction of precedent application system.

关 键 词：判例运用 效用 效力 裁判规则 智识载体 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]