意定监护中的基础关系与授权关系  

Basic Relations and Agency in Intended Guardianship

作　　者：刘征峰[1] Liu Zhengfeng

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2022年第5期187-200,共14页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目(20SFB2024);国家社会科学基金青年项目(18CFX075)。

摘　　要：意定监护之设立既包含监护人的选择,又包含监护内容的确定。在意定监护监督制度阙如的情况下,除有特别约定外,应适用法定监护的规定。意定监护未涵盖之处,应设立法定监护进行补充。意定监护既可以指向法律行为或者准法律行为,也可指向事实行为。在基础关系层面,考虑到意定监护人与其他以提供劳务为标的之协议的相对人在权责方面存在巨大差异,只有在双方明确约定一方“担任监护人”的情况下,相关协议才应被认定为意定监护协议。由于在意定监护关系中存在特殊的利益格局,因此对民法典合同编的准用存在一定的限制。在外部关系层面,意定监护所对应的代理性质为委托代理,而非法定代理。考虑到意定监护的保护目的,作为单方法律行为的抽象授权行为并不会产生意定监护的法律效果。意定监护所形成的代理关系原则上应适用委托代理的相关规定,但亦存在一些例外。Establishment of an intended guardianship has two layers of meaning:one refers to the identification of guardian,the other to determination of its content.Since the supervision system over guardian is not available in China,the provisions of statutory guardianship shall apply unless otherwise specified.A statutory guardianship shall be established to fill in the blanks,which are covered by the intended guardianship.The intended guardianship may involve legal acts,quasi-legal acts,or factual acts.At the level of basic relations,considering the huge difference in rights and duties between the intended guardian and the party who provides services in ordinary contract,the agreement will be regarded as a guardianship contract only if the parties expressly stipulate that one party is“guardian”.Due to the special interest structure in the relationship of intended guardianship,there are some restrictions on the analogy application of the contract law.At the level of external relations,the nature of the agency in intended guardianship is principal agent,rather than the legal agent.Considering the purpose of protection for intended guardianship,the abstract authorization act as a one-way law does not produce the legal effect of the intended guardianship.In principle,the agency relationship formed by the intentional guardianship should apply the relevant provisions of the principal agent,but there are some exceptions.

关 键 词：意定监护 基础关系 准用 委托代理 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]