基于群落种间关系的桫椤植物保护策略研究进展  

Research Advance in Conservation Strategies of Cyatheaceae Plant Communities Based on Interspecific Relationships

作　　者：何琴琴 翁涛 刘邦友 罗晓洪 穆君 陈进 安明态 严令斌 HE Qinqin;WENG Tao;LIU Bangyou;LUO Xiaohong;MU Jun;CHEN Jin;AN Mingtai;YAN Lingbin(Guizhou Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Chishui 564700,Guizhou,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),Institute of Agro-Bioengineering&College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州赤水564700 [2]贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院,山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《热带亚热带植物学报》2022年第5期753-762,共10页Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany

基　　金：国家级自然保护区重点保护植物专项;贵州大学引进人才科研项目([2020]27)资助。

摘　　要：桫椤科(Cyatheaceae)植物是古老的孑遗植物,现存的桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)天然群落极为罕见,桫椤科植物分布于高温潮湿、光斑直射的生境,常以斑块状分布于常绿阔叶林林缘。现阶段,桫椤科植物保护面临的主要问题是生态旅游、毁林开荒、环境污染、药材的违法采摘和挖掘等,这导致桫椤科植物的生境遭受干扰和破碎,桫椤科植株数量下降。对桫椤科植物的保护方式主要有就地保护、迁地保护,分子生物学技术在桫椤科植物繁育中应用逐渐增加。生物和非生物因素制约着桫椤科植物的分布和多样性,其中,生物因素特别是种间关系对桫椤植物的生长发育和分布有着重要影响,从种间关系的视角出发探讨桫椤科植物的保护或许不失为新时代桫椤科植物保护的有效方式。讨论了桫椤科植物相关的种间关系:桫椤科植物-微生物互作、桫椤科植物-其他植物互作、桫椤科植物-动物互作,探讨了桫椤科植物面临灭绝的因素以及近年来桫椤科植物相关的保护策略及成效,为桫椤科植物的有效利用和保护提供一定理论基础。Cyatheaceae is an ancient relict plant.The existing natural communities of Alsophila spinulosa are very rare.Cyatheaceae distributes in high temperature,humidity and light spots,often in patches at the edges of evergreen broad-leaved forests.Currently,the main problems facing the conservation of A.spinulosa are ecological tourism,deforestation,environmental pollution,illegal picking and mining of medicinal materials,etc.,which lead to the disturbance and fragmentation of habitat and the number decrease of A.spinulosa.The conservation methods of A.spinulosa mainly include in situ conservation and ex situ conservation,and the application of molecular biology technology in breeding is increasing gradually.The distribution and diversity of A.spinulosa are restricted by biological and abiotic factors,and the growth and distribution are greatly affected by biological factors,especially the interspecific relationship.The conservation of A.spinulosa from the perspective of interspecific relationship may be an effective way in the new era.The interspecific relationships between Cyatheaceae plants with microbial,other plants and animals were discussed,as well as the factors causing the extinction of A.spinulosa and the related conservation strategies and effects in recent years,which would provid a theoretical basis for the effective utilization and protection of A.spinulosa.

关 键 词：赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区 桫椤科 生物保护 共生 生活型 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]