阿拉伯板块古生代岩相古地理及其对油气富集的控制作用  

The lithofacies paleogeography of the Arabian Plate and its control on the hydrocarbon accumulation

作　　者：刘小兵[1] 王兆明[1] 贺正军[1] 刘祚冬[1] 范兴燕[1] 陈瑞银[1] 汪永华[1] LIU XiaoBing;WANG ZhaoMing;HE ZhengJun;LIU ZuoDong;FAN XingYan;CHNE RuiYin;WANG YongHua(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2022年第9期2595-2607,共13页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：中国石油前瞻性基础性技术攻关项目(2021DJ3101)资助.

摘　　要：中东阿拉伯板块自寒武纪以来为一个构造相对稳定的块体,油气储量占全球重要地位。近年来,深部古生界储层成为油气勘探新发现的主要层系。本文通过调研中东区域地质、含油气盆地地质资料,结合油气藏层位及分布特征,编制阿拉伯板块寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪、泥盆纪、早二叠世、晚二叠世等6个地质时期的岩相古地理图,并分析对油气富集特征的控制作用。研究结果表明:(1)寒武纪-志留纪,阿拉伯板块整体以陆相-浅海相沉积环境为主,早志留世的快速海侵形成热页岩,为古生界油气生成提供了雄厚的物质基础;(2)泥盆纪-石炭纪,海西构造事件造成抬升剥蚀,使志留纪烃源岩能够发生垂向/侧向运移至二叠系储层;(3)早二叠世以碎屑岩沉积为主,晚二叠世为海相和局限海沉积环境,形成了以碳酸盐岩储层和蒸发盐岩盖层为主的优质储盖组合;(4)已发现油气藏主要分布在寒武系-志留系陆相碎屑岩、下二叠统陆相-海陆过渡相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩以及上二叠统海相碳酸盐岩储层中,上二叠统碳酸盐岩为最重要的储层,志留系热页岩广泛分布、基底继承性构造和前寒武系盐穹隆为古生界油气运聚提供了有利条件。The Arabian Plate has been a relatively stable block since the Cambrian,and its oil and gas reserves account for an important position in the world.In recent years,Paleozoic reservoirs have become the main oil and gas discoveries in this area.By investigating the references of the Middle East region and petroliferous basins,combined with the distribution characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs,we compile the lithofacies paleogeographic maps of the Arabian Plate in six geological periods,including Cambrian,Ordovician,Silurian,Devonian,Early Permian and Late Permian,and analyze the control of oil and gas enrichment characteristics.The results show that:(1)From Cambrian to Silurian,the Arabian Plate was dominated by continental and shallow marine environment,and the rapid transgression in the Early Silurian formed hot shale,which provided a solid material basis for the generation of Paleozoic oil and gas;(2)From Devonian to Carboniferous,Hercynian tectonic event caused uplift and denudation,which enabled Silurian source rocks to migrate vertically/laterally to Permian reservoirs;(3)The Early Permian is dominated by clastic rocks,while the Late Permian is dominated by marine and restricted marine environments,forming high-quality reservoir cap assemblages dominated by carbonate reservoirs and evaporite cap rocks;(4)The discovered oil and gas reservoirs are mainly distributed in Cambrian-Silurian clastic rocks,Lower Permian continental and transitional clastic rocks and carbonate rocks,and Upper Permian marine carbonate reservoirs.The Upper Permian carbonate rocks are the most important reservoirs.The extensive distribution of Silurian hot shale,basement inherited structures and pre-Cambrian salt domes provide favorable oil and gas accumulation conditions for Paleozoic oil and gas accumulation.

关 键 词：阿拉伯板块 岩相古地理 志留系热页岩 Khuff组碳酸盐岩 油气富集特征 

分 类 号：P531[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P618.31[天文地球—地质学]