116例儿童急性中毒原因分析及预防建议  

Analysis of the causes of 116 children with acute poisoning and preventive suggestions

作　　者：王凤娟 WANG Feng-juan(Department of Pediatrics,Liaoyang Central Hospital,Liaoyang 111000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽阳市中心医院儿内科,111000

出　　处：《中国现代药物应用》2022年第17期171-173,共3页Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application

摘　　要：目的了解儿童急性中毒常见的原因及特点,为预防此类意外伤害提供有价值的参考。方法回顾性分析116例急性中毒患儿的年龄、中毒原因、所涉及的毒物种类、中毒途径及对策、预后情况。结果116例中毒患儿男女比例为1.23︰1;主要集中在1~5岁及12~14岁人群,分别占总例数的62.93%(73/116)和25.00%(29/116)。所涉及的毒物主要以药物中毒为主(75.86%,88/116),农药、杀虫药、灭鼠药中毒占比为12.07%,酒精中毒占比为1.72%,食物中毒占比为3.45%,汞中毒占比为6.90%。均为经口摄入毒物,误服85例,占比为73.28%,因生气或寻求刺激自服者31例,占比为26.72%。患儿药物或毒物中毒后10 min~1 h就诊者58例(50.00%),2~6 h就诊者49例(42.24%),>6 h就诊者9例(7.76%)。所有患儿根据中毒种类及症状给予相应治疗,以催吐、洗胃、促进毒物排泄为主,完善相关检查,明确有无脏器损害。大部分患儿得到有效治疗,预后较好。结论1~5岁及12~14岁儿童是急性中毒高发人群,幼儿期及学龄前期儿童易发生误服药物、毒物中毒,故家长要提高认识,了解其危害性,加强药物、毒物管理和对孩子的看护;青春期儿童主要是自服药物、毒物,提示家长改善家庭环境及教养方式,老师、医生、医药机构及全社会的人们加强对青春期儿童心理卫生教育,普及心理危机应付对策,减少接触成年人的娱乐活动,加强成瘾药物管理。Objective To understand the common causes and characteristics of acute poisoning in children,so as to provide a valuable reference for preventing such accidental injuries.Methods The age,causes of poisoning,types of poisons involved,ways and countermeasures of poisoning,and prognosis of 116 children with acute poisoning were retrospectively analyzed.Results The male to female ratio of the 116 poisoned children was 1.23:1;they were mainly concentrated in the age groups of 1-5 years and 12-14 years,accounting for 62.93%(73/116)and 25.00%(29/116)of the total number of cases,respectively.The pesticide,insecticide and rodenticide poisoning for 12.07%,alcohol poisoning for 1.72%,food poisoning for 3.45%and mercury poisoning for 6.90%.All of them were poisoned by oral ingestion,85 cases(73.28%)were taken by mistake,and 31 cases(26.72%)were taken by themselves due to anger or seeking stimulation.58 cases(50.00%)were treated 10 min-1 h after drug or poison poisoning,49 cases(42.24%)were treated 2-6 h,and 9 cases(7.76%)were treated>6 h.All children were treated accordingly according to the type of poisoning and symptoms,mainly by inducing vomiting,gastric lavage and promoting excretion of toxic substances,and improving relevant examinations to clarify whether there was any organ damage.Most of the children were treated effectively and had a good prognosis.Conclusion Children aged 1-5 and 12-14 years old are at high risk of acute poisoning.Children in early childhood and preschool age are prone to accidentally taking drugs and poisoning.Therefore,parents should raise awareness,understand the dangers,and strengthen drug and poison management and child care;adolescent children mainly take selfadministered drugs and poisons,prompting parents to improve their family environment and parenting methods,teachers,doctors,medical institutions and the whole society should strengthen mental health education for adolescent children,popularize psychological crisis coping countermeasures,reduce exposure to adult recreational activities,an

关 键 词：儿童急性中毒 原因 预防 

分 类 号：R725.9[医药卫生—儿科]