栽培模式对当归生产力的作用  

Effect of cultivation methods on productivity of Angelica sinensis

作　　者：李国业 高瑞琴 龙倩 刘敏艳 潘水站 侯扶江[3] LI Guoye;GAO Ruiqin;LONG Qian;LIU Minyan;PAN Shuizhan;HOU Fujiang(Longnan Institue of Agricultural Science,Longnan 746005,Gansu,China;Longnan Economic Forest Research Institute,Longnan 746005,Gansu,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]陇南市农业科学研究所,甘肃陇南746005 [2]陇南市经济林研究院,甘肃陇南746005 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第9期1880-1889,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：2018中共甘肃省省委组织部人才团队项目(甘组通字[2018]81号);2021中共甘肃省省委组织部个人创新项目(甘组通字[2021]17号)。

摘　　要：为探明不同栽培模式对当归(Angelica sinensis)生产力的作用,以‘岷归1号’(A. sinensis ‘Minxian No.1’)和‘岷归2号’(A. sinensis ‘Minxian No.2’)为供试品种,设置黑膜移栽、红膜移栽、白膜移栽、露地移栽4种栽培模式,比较研究当归生产力增长特征。结果表明:覆膜移栽显著提高当归生产力(P <0.05),黑膜移栽、红膜移栽、白膜移栽的根茎产量较露地移栽提高了23.97%、22.69%和8.66%。覆膜移栽成药期、采挖期以及移栽返青期至成药期,地上部分干物质积累量较露地移栽提高了42.26%、18.74%和50.54%(P <0.05)。成药期和移栽返青期至成药期是当归生产力增长的关键。覆膜移栽显著提高了当归得株高、叶片数、叶片直径、叶绿素含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量以及特级和一级归产出率,对麻口病发病普遍率、病情指数影响不显著(P> 0.05)。利用≥0℃积温,建立预测当归生长的Logistic模型,≥0℃积温1 608~3 340℃·d是当归地上部分干物质积累的关键时期,研究结果可为当归丰产和优质栽培提供科学依据。Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different cultivation methods on the productivity of Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Diels. A. sinensis ‘Minxian No.1’ and A. sinensis ‘Minxian No.2’, which are cultivated widely by farmers in Gansu Province were selected. Four cultivation methods were used: black, red, or white plastic mulch coverage and open field planting. The main results showed that plastic mulch coverage significantly increased the productivity of A.sinensis at the 0.05 level. Compared with the rhizome yield with open field planting, the yields with black, red, and white plastic mulch coverage, increased by 23.97%, 22.69%, and 8.66%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation in the aboveground part of the medicinal plant during the mulching, excavation, and greening to medicine-reading periods was increased by 42.26%, 18.74%, and 50.54%, respectively, with the use of plastic mulch coverage compared to that with open field planting. The amount and ratio of accumulation were the key to increased productivity in A. sinensis. Plastic mulching coverage significantly increased the plant height, leaf number, leaf diameter, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and yield rates of special and first grade A. sinensis but had no significant effect on the incidence rate of measles and the disease index at the 0.05 level. Using accumulated temperature ≥0 ℃, a logistic model was established to predict the growth of A.sinensis. The accumulated temperature of 1 608~3 340 ℃ was the key period for the accumulation of dry matter in the above-ground part of A. sinensis. These research results can provide a scientific basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of A. sinensis.

关 键 词：当归 产量 干物质 生育期 品质 麻口病 栽培 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]