黄土高原放牧型豆禾混播草地系统生产力  

Grazing-livestock system productivity of legume-grass mixtures in the Loess Plateau of China

作　　者：张浩[1] 刘楠[1] 王占军[2] 杜建民[2] 王利锋 秘一先 俞鸿千 徐恒康[1] 张英俊 ZHANG Hao;LIU Nan;WANG Zhanjun;DU Jianmin;WANG Lifeng;BEI Yixian;YU Hongqian;XU Hengkang;ZHANG Yingjun(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Desertification Control,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;College of Agro-grassland Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,宁夏银川750002 [3]南京农业大学草业学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第9期1890-1903,共14页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区东西部科技合作项目(2017BY082);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：分别在阳坡和阴坡建植了紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)+鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、紫花苜蓿+高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis) 3种混播草地,于建植第2年开展肉牛轮牧试验,分别测定以上3种混播草地的植被组分、牧草营养品质、牧草产量和家畜增重,旨在探究黄土高原阳坡和阴坡退耕地上不同类型豆禾混播草地的草畜系统生产力,以期为该区域放牧型豆禾混播草地的建植与利用提供技术支持。结果表明:各混播组合中混播草种在植被中的干重比例维持在80%以上,可提供牧草增重净能和粗蛋白含量分别介于1.6~3.0MJ·kg^(-1)和12.7%~17.6%;紫花苜蓿+鸭茅组合在各坡向的牧草产量均显著(P <0.05)高于其余两个混播组合,阳坡的牧草产量显著(P <0.05)高于阴坡。家畜单位个体增重在混播组合间差异不显著(P> 0.05),阳坡3种豆禾混播草地均可持续满足体重450 kg肉牛日增重1.2 kg以上的营养需要;阴坡家畜单位个体增重显著(P <0.05)低于阳坡,这可能与该坡向放牧家畜在出牧和归牧过程中较高的能量消耗有关;阳坡家畜单位公顷增重取决于牧草产量,紫花苜蓿+鸭茅组合家畜单位公顷增重较其余两个混播组合分别提高11.4%和18.4%。综上,紫花苜蓿+鸭茅组合牧草产量和家畜单位公顷增重最高,可作为该区域建植放牧型栽培草地的首选组合;阳坡牧草产量高于阴坡,更适合在阳坡建植放牧型豆禾混播草地以获得更高的草畜系统生产效益。Three mixture types, Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata, M. sativa + Festuca arundinacea, and M. sativa +Bromus inermis, were established on sunny and shady slope, respectively and used for cattle rotational grazing in the second year after the establishment. The pasture composition, nutritional quality, and pasture production of the three mixture types were determined. The live weight gain(LWG) of the cattle fed the various mixture types was also determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the grass-livestock system productivity of different legume-grass mixtures on sunny and shady slopes of abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau of China and provide a basis for the establishment and utilization of legume-grass mixtures in the area. The results showed that the dry weight proportion of the seeded species(M. sativa and perennial grass) in the sward was maintained at more than 80% in each mixture type. The net energy for growth and crude protein concentration of forage ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 MJ·kg^(-1)and 12.7% to 17.6%, respectively. On each slope aspect, the pasture production of M. sativa + D. glomerata was significantly(P < 0.05) higher than that of the other two mixtures, and the pasture production on sunny slope was significantly(P < 0.05) higher than that on shady slope. The LWG per cattle did not differ significantly(P > 0.05) among the three mixture types. The forage in each mixture type on sunny slope could continuously meet the nutritional requirement of 450 kg cattle with a daily gain of more than 1.2 kg. The LWG per cattle on sunny slope was significantly(P < 0.05) higher than that on shady slope, possibly owing to more energy expenditure during cattle grazing on shady slope. LWG per hectare of cattle grazing on sunny slope depended on pasture production, and the LWG of M. sativa + D. glomerata was 11.4% and 18.4% higher than those of the other two mixtures, respectively. Based on the above analysis, pasture production and LWG per hectare of M. sativa + D. glomerata were the highest among the

关 键 词：放牧 坡向 草地产量 牧草营养品质 家畜生产性能 草畜系统 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]