共同富裕、贸易开放与中国的代际收入流动性  

Common Prosperity,Trade Openness,and Intergenerational Income Mobility in China

作　　者：魏浩[1,2] 杨明明 李实 WEI Hao;YANG Mingming;LI Shi(Business School,Beijing Normal University;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875 [2]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《金融研究》2022年第8期74-93,共20页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA068)的资助。

摘　　要：本文利用2002-2018年期间的中国家庭收入调查数据,系统考察了贸易开放对中国代际收入流动性的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)从整体上来看,贸易开放显著促进了中国的代际收入流动性,经内生性处理和稳健性检验,这一结论是成立的。(2)贸易开放主要通过促进子代教育、职业向上流动显著提高代际收入流动,但通过激励企业创新、提高子代个人努力程度的两个机制作用不显著。(3)贸易开放显著提高了男性子代的代际收入流动性,对女性子代的影响不显著,与此同时,还具有明显的“弱势群体”特点,显著提高了受教育水平较低子代、低收入家庭子代的代际收入流动性,有助于这类子代跳出“代际低收入传承陷阱”。本文研究提示贸易开放提高了中国的代际收入流动性,有利于促进共同富裕。在继续提高贸易开放水平的同时,应进一步重视提高低收入家庭子代的受教育水平,关注女性子代的收入问题。In recent years,the Chinese government has accelerated the promotion of common prosperity.However,China's intergenerational income elasticity has increased;moreover,the intergenerational income mobility shows a downward trend,indicating that the problem is relatively prominent.Thus,the issue of China's intergenerational income inequality needs to be urgently solved.China is unswervingly promoting high-level opening to the outside world,especially foreign trade.Therefore,one must consider the realistic background of China's high-level opening when studying intergenerational income inequality.This study assesses(1)the changes in China's intergenerational income mobility,mainly focusing on changes in the influence of parental income on the offspring's income in the context of trade opening and(2)whether the effects of trade openness on intergenerational income mobility vary according to the parents'and offspring's characteristics.Judging from the original intention of the trade-opening policies and their positive effects,these policies have strengthened China's economic and trade exchanges with the international market;expanded the scale of China's import and export of goods and services;increased employment in the labor market;provided more opportunities for fair job selection;effectively increased citizens'income levels;and improved society's quality of life and overall welfare.As a new labor force entering the market,younger generations,as compared with their parents,can better enjoy the positive results of trade openness,including good economic growth,a broad international exchange platform,a fair environment for job selection and employment,and diverse promotion and development opportunities.Trade openness can affect the intergenerational income mobility by increasing the offspring's income levels and altering the intergenerational income elasticity.The empirical results show that,overall,trade openness has significantly promoted China's intergenerational income mobility(particularly the upward intergenerationa

关 键 词：贸易开放 代际收入流动 教育水平 职业流动 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] F752