微囊藻毒素生物治理技术研究进展  

Progress on Biological Treatment Technologies of Microcystins

作　　者：柴玉婕 冯佳 周见庭 蒋建兰[1,2] CHAI Yu-jie;FENG Jia;ZHOU Jian-ting;JIANG Jian-lan(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]天津大学系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2022年第8期109-127,共19页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0903000)资助项目。

摘　　要：近年来,随着全球气候变暖和水体富营养化程度加深,蓝藻水华频繁暴发。微囊藻毒素是有害蓝藻产生及释放的危害最大的一类蓝藻毒素,对生态环境和公众健康造成了严重的威胁。因此,寻求有效的微囊藻毒素降解方法已成为全球科学领域的研究热点。针对微囊藻毒素生物治理技术展开综述,阐述了微囊藻毒素的产生、理化性质及生物毒性,总结了微生物、水生植物、浮游动物等自然生物降解微囊藻毒素的能力。在此基础上概述了生物滤池、人工湿地、生态浮床、膜生物膜反应器等生物治理技术对微囊藻毒素的去除效果,分析了现有微囊藻毒素生物处理方法的优势和局限性,并对今后的研究方向提出展望,为解决水环境中微囊藻毒素的污染问题提供思路。In recent years, with global warming and the increasing intensity of water eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms occur frequently. Microcystins are the most harmful cyanobacterial toxins produced and released by harmful cyanobacteria, which have had a harmful impact on the ecological environment and public health. Therefore, seeking effective microcystin degradation methods has become a research hotspot in the global scientific fields. The biological treatment technologies of microcystins are reviewed, the production, physicochemical properties and biotoxicity of microcystins are described, and the degradation efficiency of microcystins by microorganisms, aquatic plants and zooplankton is summarized. On this basis, the removal effects of biological treatment technologies such as biological filter, constructed wetland, ecological floating bed, and membrane biofilm reactor on microcystins are overviewed, and the advantages and limitations of existing microcystins’ biological treatment methods are analyzed. The further research subjects are also proposed. All these provide ideas for solving the pollution problem of microcystins in the water environment.

关 键 词：微囊藻毒素 生物降解 生物治理技术 蓝藻水华 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]