清前期国家货币管理体系的内在矛盾及其影响(1644—1795)  

Internal Contradiction and Its Impacts: The Monetary Management System of Early Qing,1644—1795

作　　者：胡岳峰 HU Yue-feng

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所,200235

出　　处：《史林》2022年第3期55-68,220,共15页Historical Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“明清以来我国传统工商业账簿史料整理与研究(1500—1949)”(项目批准号:21&ZD078)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清前期货币管理的成效是清政府国家治理能力的重要体现。前人研究多关注货币白银化进程和银钱并用格局的表现,鲜有从长时段角度剖析当时国家货币管理体系内在矛盾成因及持续影响者。本文利用清代官方文书及货币管理档案,考察了以“银贵钱贱、银贱钱贵、铜贵钱贱、钱贵铜贱”为代表的货币行用实践与“银钱相权、与民为便、君实制之”的货币制度理念间的矛盾。通过进一步阐释矛盾的形成机理可以发现,该管理体系脱胎于发生在中国的“17世纪普遍危机”中,且在清政府的努力维系下将中国带入一个18世纪“盛世”。但“盛世”之后面临的又是以其内在矛盾为代表的“中国的19世纪危机”。中西货币体系间的“大分流”早在17世纪中期就已形成。The present paper attempts to unconventionally apply longue durée coined by French Annales School to the study of early Qing’s monetary management system and its impacts. Having his observation based on official documents and monetary archives,the present author tries to shed light on the contradiction intrinsic to Qing’s theory and practice of monetary management at that time. Inspired by some Western historiographical ideas,he concludes that as early as the mid-seventeenth century,there had already been a great divergence in Chinese and Western monetary systems.

关 键 词：货币管理 银钱比价 内在矛盾 大分流 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]