中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应及其影响因素——基于吸收能力视角的研究  

Reverse Technology Spillover Effect of China’s OFDI and Its Influencing Factors:Study from the Perspective of Absorptive Capacity

作　　者：朴英爱[1] 于鸿 周鑫红 PIAO Yingai;YU Hong;ZHOU Xinhong(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学东北亚学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《经济经纬》2022年第5期45-55,共11页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BGJ049)。

摘　　要：在分析中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出机制的基础上,采用2003—2019年省际面板数据,实证检验中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应及其影响因素。研究发现:对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应在全国范围尚未显现,但研发投入强度、人力资本水平、与东道国技术差距、经济发展水平、对外开放水平以及政府支持研发力度等表征母国吸收能力的影响因素能够显著促进逆向技术溢出效应在全国范围内扩散。分地区检验结果表明东部地区对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应显著,并且除金融发展水平外,其他吸收能力因素均显著促进逆向技术溢出效应的实现,其中人力资本水平的贡献程度最大。东部地区技术寻求型对外直接投资及其先进技术吸收能力在一定程度上带动了逆向技术溢出效应在全国范围内的显现。中部、西部和东北地区对外直接投资未对本地区全要素生产率产生显著影响,逆向技术溢出效应尚未显现,除东北地区对外开放水平外,其他地区吸收能力因素均未对本地区逆向技术溢出产生积极影响。Based on the analysis of the reverse technology spillover mechanism of China’s foreign direct investment,this paper empirically tests the reverse technology spillover effect of China’s OFDI and its influencing factors by using the inter-provincial panel data from 2003 to 2019.The study shows that the reverse technology spillover effect of OFDI has not yet appeared nationwide,but the influencing factors that characterize the absorptive capacity of the home country,such as the intensity of R&D investment,the level of human capital,the technological gap with the host country,the level of economic development,the level of opening to the outside world and the government’s support for R&D,can significantly promote the diffusion of reverse technology spillover effect nationwide.The sub-regional test results show that the eastern region’s OFDI achieves the reverse technology spillover effect,and except for the level of financial development,other factors related to absorptive capacity significantly promote the realization of the reverse technology spillover effect.Among them,the level of human capital contributes the most.And at the same time,the technology-seeking OFDI in the eastern region and its absorptive capacity of advanced technology to a certain extent led to the appearance of reverse technology spillover effects in the whole country.The foreign direct investment in the central,western and northeast regions has no significant impact on the total factor productivity of the region,and the reverse technology spillover effect has not yet appeared,except for the opening level of the northeast region.Other regional absorptive capacity-related factors do not have a positive impact on reverse technology spillover in this region.

关 键 词：对外直接投资 逆向技术溢出效应 吸收能力 全要素生产率 对外开放水平 

分 类 号：F125.4[经济管理—世界经济]