孟加拉湾地区小国对外战略选择的根源探析:斯里兰卡和缅甸的案例研究  

The Roots of Foreign Policy Choice of Small Countries in the Bay of Bengal:A Study of Myanmar and Sri Lanka

作　　者：戴永红 谢静[5,6] Dai Yonghong;Xie Jing

机构地区：[1]深圳大学外国语学院 [2]深圳大学中国海外利益研究中心 [3]深圳大学区域国别与国际传播研究院 [4]四川大学南亚研究所 [5]深圳大学传播学院 [6]四川省社会科学院政治学研究所

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2022年第5期73-88,154,155,共18页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：2016年教育部社科重点研究基地重大项目“南亚国家政治法律环境与‘一带一路’建设研究”(项目编号:16JJDGW014);2022年深圳市社科规划项目“总体国家安全观视域下深圳中资企业海外利益安全风险防控体系研究”(项目编号:SZ2022B022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：孟加拉湾地区“小要国”对外战略选择的根源受到“内生性”因素的制约和“结构性”外部因素的挑战以及小国处理毗邻大国的关系、域内外大国力量的变化与调整等因素的共同影响。通过对孟加拉湾地区“小要国”斯里兰卡与缅甸两国的对外战略模式选择的分析认为,缅甸的对外战略有根深蒂固的“中立”外交逻辑,在独立后不同时期,均保持中立的外交特色;斯里兰卡的对外战略具有对冲倾向,在不结盟与平衡中变化,还受到国内政治形势制约,并根据孟加拉湾地区大国力量的变化进行调整,且具有一定的战略不确定性和灵活性。Sri Lanka and Myanmar are important small countries in the Bay of Bengal,and their geo-strategic positions are becoming increasingly important.From the perspective of foreign strategy of small countries,this article analyzes the geo-strategic positions of these two countries are becoming increasingly important.Through the case study of the choice of the foreign strategic model of Sri Lanka and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal,Myanmar s foreign strategy has a deep-rooted neutral diplomatic logic,which maintained its neutral diplomatic characteristics in different periods after independence;Sri Lanka s foreign strategy lies in changes between non-alignment and balance strategy,while its foreign strategy is restricted by its domestic political situation,being adjusted in accordance with the changes of the power of major powers in the Bay of Bengal;there is a certain degree of strategic uncertainty,and it also reflects the flexibility in its foreign strategic choices.Based on the analysis of representative cases of foreign policies of small and important countries in the region,this article believes that the relationship between neighboring big countries,changes of domestic political situation,religion and strategic culture,changes and adjustments of the power of major powers outside the region are handled by common factors.However,under these common factors,there are also individual factors that affect a country s foreign strategy,including the stability of the domestic political situation and sensitivity to changes of the power of major powers outside the region.The U.S.adjusted its foreign strategy,withdrew its troops from Afghanistan,actively built an alliance strategy in the Indian Ocean region,created a four-party security alliance system between the U.S.,Japan,India and Australia,and intensified the strategic environment for competition among major powers.Therefore,from the perspective of small countries in the region,understanding the foreign policy choices of small countries in the region can help reduce the str

关 键 词：孟加拉湾 斯里兰卡 缅甸 对外战略 

分 类 号：D833.7[政治法律—政治学] D835.8[政治法律—外交学]