“东盟方式”在缅甸政治危机中的突破及其限度  

The Breakthrough and Limitation of the“ASEAN Way”in Myanmar s Political Crisis

作　　者：马银福 Ma Yinfu

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学法政学院

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2022年第5期107-129,155,156,共25页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金一般项目“缅甸军人再次‘政变’的行为逻辑与历史根源研究”(项目编号:21BZZ081)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2021年2月1日,缅甸军方扣押昂山素季等政府领导人而引发了缅甸国内政治危机。此次政治危机严重阻碍了缅甸民主化与民族和解进程。在解决缅甸政治危机过程中,被国际社会寄予厚望的东盟就缅甸政治危机进行了积极的外交斡旋。由于缅甸在“五点共识”上未取得任何进展,东盟决定不邀请敏昂莱参加东盟峰会。东盟对缅举动突破了“东盟方式”中不干涉成员国内政和协商一致的原则。迫于东盟和国际社会的压力,缅甸释放政治犯以示让步。尽管东盟对缅甸只是进行了有限干涉,而缅甸也仅做了有限让步,双方并未完全突破各自的政治底线,但预示着东盟会因成员国内部事务的外溢而采取有限介入,并反映了随着地区和国际局势的不断发展,“东盟方式”也在逐渐地调适与改变。因此对今后东盟处理内部问题具有积极的政治意义。尽管如此,缅甸政治危机的最终解决仍掌握在缅甸自己手中。On February 1,2021,the Myanmar military suddenly detained Aung San Suu Kyi and other government leaders,which triggered a political crisis in Myanmar.This political crisis not only seriously hindered the democratization and national reconciliation process in Myanmar,but also posed a potential threat to regional peace and stability.In the process of resolving the political crisis in Myanmar,ASEAN has been given high expectations by the international community,and ASEAN has also carried out active diplomatic mediation in the crisis,including holding a special ASEAN Summit and sending ASEAN special envoy to contact with the Myanmar military.However,as Myanmar failed to make any progress on the five-point consensus,ASEAN decided not to invite Min Aung Hlaing to the ASEAN summit.This move broke the“ASEAN Way”principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of member states and consensus.Under pressure from ASEAN and the international community,Myanmar released more than 5600 political prisoners as a concession.Although ASEAN has only conducted limited interference in Myanmar and Myanmar has only made limited concessions,the two sides have not completely broken through their political bottom line respectively,and this indicates that ASEAN will take limited intervention due to the spillover of domestic affairs of its members,reflecting that the“ASEAN Way”is gradually adjusting and changing with the continuous development of regional and international situation.Therefore,it has positive political significance for ASEAN to deal with internal problems in the future.Nevertheless,the ultimate resolution of Myanmar s political crisis remains in Myanmar s own hands.

关 键 词：缅甸政治危机 东盟方式 不干涉原则 

分 类 号：D733.7[政治法律—政治学]