国有农场土地经营权流转促进了耕地养护吗?  

Does the land management right transfer of state‑owned farms promote cultivated land conservation?

作　　者：李博 王瑞梅[1] 卢泉[2] LI Bo;WANG Ruimei;LU Quan(School of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Economics and Management,Tarim University,Aksu Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]塔里木大学经济与管理学院,新疆阿克苏843300

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第9期184-192,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目“新疆棉农耕地质量保护的行为机理与激励机制研究”(批准号:20XJJCZH001);国家社科基金一般项目“塔里木河流域农业节水补偿机制改进研究”(批准号:19BJY139);新疆生产建设兵团社会科学基金一般项目“‘双循环’格局下兵团农业高质量发展研究”(批准号:21YB26)。

摘　　要：随着土地经营权流转向市场化、正规化转变,转入主体在养护耕地上是否仍然比承包户消极,产权期限较短是否是经营主体不养护耕地的主要原因。中国国有农场土地制度与农村地区存在差异,但有助于回答以上问题,其结论不仅能提供新的经验和证据,对农村耕地保护亦有前瞻和启示作用。文章构建了经营主体养护耕地的理论模型,基于新疆生产建设兵团国有农场1191个棉花种植户数据,运用考虑了内生性的估计策略,考察了高商品化率、市场化流转的大规模农业中,不同产权性质和产权期限地块的养护差异。结果表明:①尽管租入地的合约期限远低于承包地的承包期限,但通过市场化流转而获得耕地的规模租入户改良土壤比承包户更积极。而在残膜对产出的影响未超过“危害阈值”的情形下,租入户在地膜回收上比承包户消极;②产权期限与种植户改良土壤并不总是显著正相关,与较长产权期限相关联的负面特征(较低的治污价值认知)导致了其与地膜回收行为的反向影响关系;③经营权流转能够促进耕地养护,特别是对于规模租入户以及政府无差别干预的养护行为,同时经营主体所具备的大规模、高管理技术水平特质使其获取的收益能够抵消产权期限短带来的不利影响。为避免委托代理风险、促进不同经营主体用养结合,应采取能够提升远期农地价值和现期作物收益的措施,如完善土地承包经营退出机制以提升养护耕地的远期土地价值,政策激励瞄准经营主体的长期行为结果,并为经营主体提升养护耕地的作物收益提供技术支持和信息干预等。With the circulation of land management rights becoming market-oriented and regularized,whether the transferred households are still more passive than the contractors in cultivated land conservation and whether the short term of property rights is the main reason for hindering cultivated land conservation are questions that need to be answered.China’s state-owned farmland system is different from the farmland in rural areas,but its existence helps to answer these questions and provides new evidence and insight for similar studies.This study constructed an economic model and used the endogenous estimation strategy for analysis.Based on the data of 1191 cotton farmers in state-owned farms of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC),this article investigated the conservation differences of land plots with different property right nature and duration in large scale agriculture,characterized by its high commercialization rate and high market circulation.The results showed that:①Although the contract term of the tenants was much shorter than that of the contractors,the scale tenants were more active than the contractors in improving the soil.In the case that the influence of plastic film residue on output did not exceed the‘harm threshold,’the tenants were more passive than the contractor households in the plastic film recovery.②The tenure duration was not always positively correlated with soil improvement,and the negative characteristics associated with longer tenure duration(lower perception of pollution control value)led to the negative influence.③Management right transfer could promote the conservation of cultivated land,especially for large-scale tenants and those behaviors with indiscriminate government intervention.Furthermore,the large-scale and high-level management technology characteristics of the agriculture business entities made it possible to offset the adverse impact of short-term tenure.To avoid the principal-agent risk and encourage the use and cultivation of different business ent

关 键 词：土地生态 经营权流转 耕地质量保护 条件混合处理模型(CMP) 汉密尔顿函数 

分 类 号：F30[经济管理—产业经济] F32