新型涡流槽密封泄漏特性与动力特性研究  

Study on Leakage Characteristics and Dynamic Characteristics of New Type of Vortex Groove Seals

作　　者：姜金裕 孙丹[1] 赵欢[1] 张国臣[1] 李玉 温帅方 JIANG Jinyu;SUN Dan;ZHAO Huan;ZHANG Guochen;LI Yu;WEN Shuaifang(Liaoning Key Lab of Advanced Test Technology for Aerospace Propulsion System,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang,110136)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学辽宁省航空推进系统先进测试技术重点实验室,沈阳110136

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2022年第19期2306-2316,共11页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075346);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC2007077);辽宁省航发材料摩擦学重点实验室开放基金(LKLAMTF202103)。

摘　　要：提出一种密封入口周向均匀设置有涡流槽的新型密封结构,建立了传统迷宫密封与新型涡流槽密封泄漏特性及动力特性求解模型,在实验验证数值计算方法准确性的基础上,通过比较分析了传统迷宫密封与新型涡流槽密封在不同进出口压比、预旋比工况下的泄漏特性与动力特性,研究了新型涡流槽结构对密封泄漏特性及动力特性的影响机理。研究结果表明:随着涡流槽数量的增加,涡流槽密封的泄漏量逐渐降低;在同一压比下,不同涡流槽数新型密封的泄漏量之间差值随着压比的增大而增大。当压比为6时,64涡流槽的新型密封较传统迷宫密封,泄漏量下降了3.37%;在高预旋比的工况下,不同涡流槽数量密封的切向气流力均与转子涡动方向相反,起到抑制转子涡动的作用,且随着涡流槽数量的增加,切向气流力也随着增大;随着转子涡动频率的增大,三种不同涡流槽数量密封的交叉刚度先减小到负值然后增大到正值。涡流槽密封的有效阻尼均高于传统迷宫密封,新型涡流槽密封可以提高转子系统的稳定性。A new seal structure with vortex groove in the circumferential direction of the sealing inlet was proposed. The theoretical models of traditional labyrinth seal and the new type of vortex groove seal leakage characteristics and dynamic characteristics were established. Based on the model accuracy verification by means of experiments, the leakage characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the traditional labyrinth seal and the new type of vortex groove seal were compared and analyzed under different inlet/outlet pressure ratios and pre-whirl ratios. The influence mechanism of the new vertex groove structure on the seal leakage and dynamic characteristics was studied. The results show that with the increase of the number of vortex groove, the leakage of vortex groove seal decreases gradually. Under the same pressure ratio, the difference between the leakage of the new seal with different number of vortex grooves increases with the increase of the pressure ratio. When the pressure ratio is as 6, compared with the traditional labyrinth seal, the leakage of the 64 vortex grooves seal is reduced by 3.37%. Under the conditions of high pre-whirl ratio, the tangential airflow force of the seal with different number of vortex grooves is opposite to the direction of rotor vortex, which plays a role in inhibiting rotor vortex, the tangential airflow force increases with the increase of the number of vortex grooves. With the increase of rotor vortex frequency, the cross stiffness of seals with three different number of vortex grooves first decreases to negative value and then increases to positive value. The effective damping of the vortex groove seals is higher than that of the traditional labyrinth seals. The new vortex groove seal may improve the stability of the rotor systems.

关 键 词：涡流槽密封 预旋比 泄漏特性 气流激振力 动力特性 

分 类 号：V233.5[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]