地球物理技术最新进展:高分辨率地震频率和相位属性分析技术研究与应用效果  

Recent advances in geophysical technology:High-resolution seismic frequency and phase analysis techniques and applications

作　　者：姜仁旗 吴键[2] John CASTAGNA 周刚 JIANG Renqi;WU Jian;John CASTAGNA;ZHOU Gang(Beijing Carrie Oriental Petroleum Technology Company,Beijing 100012,China;The Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;University of Houston,Houston,Texas 710049,USA)

机构地区：[1]北京凯利东方石油科技有限公司,北京100012 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]美国休斯敦大学,美国休斯敦710049

出　　处：《地学前缘》2023年第1期199-212,共14页Earth Science Frontiers

摘　　要：随着地震勘探技术在石油勘探开发中的应用和发展,常规地震资料的分辨率已经难以满足精细勘探开发的需要。另外一方面,在复杂的地质条件下,有效提高地震资料定量解释的精度,准确识别含油气的有效储层并圈定有利区也是成功勘探开发的关键因素。经过多年来不断研究和试验,提出了一系列高分辨率定量解释的方法和技术。通过在多个地区碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩和非常规地质背景下的应用情况表明:高分辨率地震频率和相位属性分析技术等定量解释技术应用效果非常显著;地震资料频谱恢复提高分辨率处理技术可以大幅提高薄层、断裂、溶洞等地质细节的识别能力;多尺度断裂检测技术可以在识别大尺度断层的基础上能有效检测出小尺度的微断裂;高分辨率频谱分解和相位分解技术在传统的振幅信息基础上将地震属性分析拓展到频率和相位维度,大幅地增加了反映地下地质特征和含油气性的地震响应信息,还提高了地震解释的可靠性,降低了地质认识的多解性,使基于高分辨率定量解释技术的有效储层识别更加高效、准确。Seismic prospecting for oil and gas exploration and development is limited by seismic data resolution.Improving the accuracy of quantitative interpretation of seismic data in thin layers,thereby identifying effective reservoirs and delineating favorable areas,is often a key factor for successful exploration and development.Historically,the limit of seismic resolution is usually assumed to be about 1/4 wavelength of the dominant frequency of the data in the formation of interest.After years of continuous research and testing,this assumed resolution limit of traditional seismic model has been broken,and a series of high-resolution quantitative interpretation methods and techniques have been developed.Case studies in carbonates,clastics,and unconventional reservoirs indicate that the application of quantitative interpretation techniques such as high-resolution seismic frequency and phase attribute analysis has produced remarkable results.Band recovery using high resolution seismic processing technology can greatly improve ability to recognize geological details such as thin layers,faults,and karst caves.Multi-scale fault detection technology can effectively detect small-scale faults in addition to more readily recognized large-scale faults.Based on the traditional seismic amplitude information,high-resolution spectral decomposition and phase decomposition technology expands seismic attribute analysis to the frequency and phase dimensions,boosting the seismic geological information content and reflecting subsurface geological characteristics and hydrocarbon potential,improve the reliability of seismic interpretation,and reduce the non-uniqueness of geological models.These technologies,based on high-resolution quantitative interpretation techniques,make the identification of effective reservoirs more efficient and accurate.

关 键 词：高分辨率地震 频谱分解 相位分解 提高分辨率处理 多尺度断裂检测 

分 类 号：P597[天文地球—地球化学]