山东省小麦和玉米的产量、肥料使用量及利用率演变趋势  

Evolution Trend of Yield,Fertilization and Utilization Rate of Wheat and Corn in Shandong Province

作　　者：马荣辉 董艳红 郭跃升 刘延生 王健 王国华 MA Rong-hui;DONG Yan-hong;GUO Yue-sheng;LIU Yan-sheng;WANG Jian;WANG Guo-hua(Shandong Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Ji’nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期517-525,共9页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然基金(41807087;41907004;42077091);山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划(SDNYXTTG-2022-14)。

摘　　要：通过30年的长期定位试验监测的数据,分析了山东省小麦和玉米的产量、肥料施用量、肥料偏生产力、农学效率以及肥料盈余量等变化特征,以期为山东省小麦和玉米的种植管理以及施肥措施等提供相应的数据依据。经过产量、肥料施用量、肥料偏生产力、肥料农学效率以及养分盈余量的现状以及随检测年限的变化趋势的分析,表明近30年山东省小麦和玉米产量均呈上升趋势。2018年,小麦、玉米的产量分别达到了7.30 t/hm^(2)和8.29 t/hm^(2)。从1988年-2018年期间,小麦和玉米的产量分别提高了64.79%和34.14%。肥料施用量、肥料偏生产力、农学效率整体呈上升趋势。小麦的肥料、氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力分别提高了141.00%、42.33%、120.48%和308.70%,钾肥的农学效率提高了66.49%;玉米的化肥用量增加了90.20%,肥料、氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力分别提高了80.42%、31.17%、73.41%和164.05%,钾肥农学效率提高了20.94%。在国家“十三五”期间政策的引导下,3年内小麦和玉米的化肥施用量分别降低了15.33%和19.20%。In order to provide corresponding data basis for wheat and maize planting management and fertilization measures in Shandong Province,by the monitoring data of 30-year long-term positioning test,the variation characteristics of wheat and maize yield,fertilizer application amount,fertilizer partial productivity,agronomic efficiency and fertilizer surplus in Shandong Province were analyzed.Through the analysis of the current situation of yield,fertilizer application amount,fertilizer partial productivity,fertilizer agronomic efficiency and nutrient surplus and the change trend with the detection years,it showed that the yield of wheat and Maize in Shandong Province has increased in recent 30 years.In 2018,the yields of wheat and corn reached 7.30 t/hm2 and 8.29 t/hm2 respectively.From 1988 to 2018,the yields of wheat and corn increased by 64.79%and 34.14%respectively.Fertilizer application,fertilizer partial productivity and agronomic efficiency showed an upward trend as a whole.The partial productivity of fertilizer,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer of wheat increased by 141.00%,42.33%,120.48%and 308.70%respectively,and the agronomic efficiency of potassium fertilizer increased by 66.49%;The amount of chemical fertilizer used in maize increased by 90.20%,the partial productivity of fertilizer,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased by 80.42%,31.17%,73.41%and 164.05%respectively,and the agronomic efficiency of potassium fertilizer increased by 20.94%.Under the guidance of the national policy during the 13th Five Year Plan period,the amount of chemical fertilizer applied to wheat and corn decreased by 15.33%and 19.20%respectively in three years.

关 键 词：农作物 产量 施肥量 农业调查 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]