丘陵山地马铃薯精量中耕施肥机设计与仿真分析  

Design and Simulation Analysis of Medium Tillage Fertilizer Machine for Potato Concentrate in Hilly Mountainous Areas

作　　者：方雪峰 沈鹏 宁旺云 陈立畅 FANG Xue-feng;SHEN Peng;NING Wang-yun;CHEN Li-chang(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering/Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering/Southeast University,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学机电工程学院,云南昆明650201 [2]东南大学机电工程学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期656-664,共9页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(2018ZC001-303);云南农业大学科技创新创业行动基金(2022XGKX005)。

摘　　要：针对现有小型丘陵山地马铃薯中耕施肥机施肥不均匀、施放位置和施放量控制不精确、肥料利用率较低等问题,在现有小型丘陵山地马铃薯中耕施肥机分析研究的基础上,结合云南省马铃薯种植农艺以及中耕施肥农艺要求,设计了一种适合云南省丘陵山地马铃薯种植的精量中耕施肥机。该施肥机包括行走装置、排肥装置和检测控制系统。排肥装置采用垂直螺旋式排肥器,其螺旋外径为35 mm,螺旋内径为10 mm,螺距为25 mm,螺旋厚度为1 mm,螺旋有效长度为150 mm,螺旋的极限转速为4.7 r/s。检测控制系统采用STC12C5A60S2单片机为控制核心,通过接近开关检测判断马铃薯植株生长位置,并根据当前设定的施肥量精确控制电机转速和启停,实现间歇性精量施肥。利用ANSYS Workbench对排肥螺旋三维实体模型进行静力和模态分析,结果表明:排肥螺旋的基本频率为2997.8 Hz,且最大应力为2.9872 MPa,远小于其许用应力,故满足设计要求。本研究为丘陵山地马铃薯精量施肥机具的研究与设计提供了参考方案。Aiming at the problems of uneven fertilization,inaccurate control of application position and application amount,and low fertilizer utilization rate by existing small-scale hilly and mountainous potato cultivator fertilisers according to the agronomic requirements of potato planting and cultivating fertilization in Yunnan Province,a precision cultivating fertilizing machine suitable for potato planting in hills and mountains of Yunnan Province was designed.The fertilizer spreader includes a walking device,a fertilizer discharging device and a detection and control system.The fertilizer discharge device adopts a vertical spiral fertilizer discharger,the outer diameter of the spiral is 35 mm,the inner diameter of the spiral is 10 mm,the pitch is 25 mm,the thickness of the spiral is 1 mm,the effective length of the spiral is 150 mm,and the limit speed of the spiral is 4.7 r/s.The detection and control system adopts STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcomputer as the control core,judges the growth position of potato plants through proximity switch detection,and precisely controls the motor speed and start-stop according to the currently set fertilization amount to realize intermittent precision fertilization.Using ANSYS Workbench to conduct static and modal analysis on the three-dimensional solid model of the fertilizer discharge screw,the results show that the basic frequency of the fertilizer discharge screw is 2997.8 Hz,and the maximum stress is 2.9872 MPa,which is far less than its allowable stress,so it meets the design requirements.This study provides a reference scheme for the research and design of precision fertilization equipment for hilly and mountainous potato.

关 键 词：马铃薯精播 施肥机 设计 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]