磷肥用量对烤烟生长、产量及磷利用效率的影响  

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer Amount on Growth,Yield,and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：程培军 张翔[1] 范艺宽[2] 李翔 李亮[1] 郝浩浩 吴俊林 肖金胜 CHENG Peijun;ZHANG Xiang;FAN Yikuan;LI Xiang;LI Liang;HAO Haohao;WU Junlin;XIAO Jinsheng(Institute of Plant Nutrition Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou 450018,China;Henan Tobacco Company Zhumadian City Tobacco Company,Zhumadian 463000,China;China Tobacco Hubei Xiangyang Cigarette Factory,Xiangyang 441000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省烟草公司,河南郑州450018 [3]河南省烟草公司驻马店市公司,河南驻马店463000 [4]湖北中烟襄阳卷烟厂,湖北襄阳441000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第10期1462-1468,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司项目(2020410000270019);河南省烟草公司驻马店市公司项目(202041170020008)。

摘　　要：旨在为磷肥在云烟87上的科学施用提供依据,试验设置5个P_(2)O_(5)用量0(CK)、30(P_(30))、60(P_(60))、90(P_(90))、120(P_(120))kg/hm^(2),通过测定烤烟根长、根尖数、磷含量、磷素积累量、花叶病、根腐病以及分析线性加平台施肥模型,研究不同磷肥施用量对云烟87生长、产量及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用磷肥能显著提高烤烟产量,P_(90)和P_(120)处理的烟叶产量显著高于P_(30)处理,增幅分别为18.3%和14.6%;在移栽后60 d,施磷处理的叶、茎和根磷含量较CK分别显著增加了29.8%~47.4%,28.5%~51.2%和8.7%~50.5%;与P_(30)处理相比,P_(60)、P_(90)、P_(120)处理的花叶病和根腐病发病率显著降低,降幅分别为12.6%~16.5%和9.5%~14.3%;烟草的黑胫病发病率和发病指数均为P_(2)O_(5)用量90 kg/hm^(2)处理最低。整个生育期内根长、根尖数随着施磷量增加而增加,移栽后90 d,P_(120)处理的根尖数和根表面积显著高于P_(90)处理,增幅分别为28.9%和8.9%;磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))施用量为83.6 kg/hm^(2)时,拟合产量最佳,为2645 kg/hm^(2)。In order to provide foundation for scientific application of phosphate fertilizer on Yunyan 87,in this study,five treatments of P_(2)O_(5)amount including 0(CK),30(P_(30)),60(P_(60)),90(P_(90)),and 120(P_(120))kg/ha were set.The root length,root tip number,phosphorus content,phosphorus accumulation of flue-cured tobacco,mosaic disease,root rot were tested,and the linear plus platform fertilization model was analyzed to study the effects of different phosphate fertilizer application amounts on growth,yield,and phosphorus utilization efficiency of Yunyan 87.The results showed that applification of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the yield of flue-cured tobacco,in P_(90)and P_(120)treatments,the yield of tabacco was significantly higher than that in P_(30),with an increase of 18.3%and 14.6%respectively;60 days after transplanting,compared with CK,the phosphorus content in leaves,stems,and roots of the phosphorus application treatments increased by 29.8%-47.4%,28.5%-51.2%,and 8.7%-50.5%,respectively.Compared with P_(30)treatment,the incidence rate of mosaic disease and root rot in P_(60),P_(90),and P_(120)treatment decreased significantly by 12.6%-16.5%and 9.5%-14.3%,respectively.The incidence rate and incidence index of blackleg in different phosphorus treatments reached the lowest when the application amount of P_(2)O_(5)was 90 kg/ha.The root length and root tip number increased with the increase of phosphorus application amount during the whole growth period.90 days after transplanting,the root tip number and root surface area in P_(120)treatment were significantly higher than those in P_(90)treatment,with an increase of 28.9%and 8.9%.When the applification amount of phosphate fertilizer(P_(2)O_(5))was 83.6 kg/ha,the fitted yield was the best,which was 2645 kg/ha.

关 键 词：烤烟 磷肥 产量 磷素积累量 磷肥利用率 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]