1981-2020年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场达乌尔黄鼠寄生蚤调查分析  

Investigation and analysis on parasitic fleas of Spermophilus dauricus in Kangbao pasture of plague natural focus in Hebei Province from 1981 to 2020

作　　者：陈永明[1] 康东梅 闫东[1] 刘冠纯[1] 杜国义[1] 史献明[1] 马洁琼 CHEN Yong-ming;KANG Dong-mei;YAN Dong;LIU Guan-chun;DU Guo-yi;SHI Xian-ming;MA Jie-qiong(Anti-plague Institute of Hebei Province,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China;Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Basic Medical College,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省鼠疫防治所,河北张家口075000 [2]山西医科大学基础医学院微生物与免疫学教研室,山西太原030000

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2022年第3期226-229,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：河北省2020年度医学科学研究课题计划(编号:20200025);河北省2021年度医学科学研究课题计划(编号:20210359)。

摘　　要：目的 了解河北鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场达乌尔黄鼠寄生蚤种群数量和结构变化规律,为疫源地动物疫情的预测预警和预防控制提供必要的依据。方法 应用Excel 2010对达乌尔黄鼠鼠体蚤、洞干蚤及窝巢蚤调查数据进行总结和逐年逐月统计,运用集中度法对寄生蚤季节分布特征进行分析。结果 1981—2020年共计获蚤20 575只,隶属于3科8属15种;达乌尔黄鼠优势蚤种为方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种(占73.70%)和光亮额蚤(占14.46%),阿巴盖新蚤(占5.68%)和二齿新蚤(占4.65%)为常见种;体蚤与巢蚤的染蚤率均高于洞干蚤染蚤率;体蚤(M=0.7)、洞干蚤(M=0.7)和窝巢蚤(M=0.9)均有明显的季节性。结论 1981—2020年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地康保牧场达乌尔黄鼠体蚤和窝巢蚤的染蚤率高于洞干蚤染蚤率,体蚤、洞干蚤和窝巢蚤具有明显的季节性,可为有针对性的开展疫源地灭蚤工作提供参考。Objective To understand the changes of population quantity and structure of parasitic fleas of Spermophilus dauricus in Kangbao pasture of plague natural focus in Hebei Province, and to provide necessary basis and theoretical basis for the prediction, warning, prevention and control of animal epidemic situation in plague focus.Methods The data of body fleas, hole fleas and nest fleas of Spermophilus dauricus were summarized with Excel 2010,and the seasonal distribution of parasitic fleas was analyzed with the method of concentration degree.Results From 1981 to 2020,a total of 20 575 fleas were collected, belonging to 15 species, 8 genera, 3 families.The dominant species of fleas were Citellophilus tesquorum(73.70%) and Frontopsylla luculenta(14.46%),followed by Neopsylla abagaitui(5.68%) and Neopsylla bidentatiformis(4.65%).The body flea infestation and nest flea infestation were higher than the hole flea infestation.Obvious seasonality was found in body fleas(M=0.7),hole fleas(M= 0.7) and nest fleas(M=0.9).Conclusion From 1981 to 2020,the body flea infestation and nest flea infestation of Spermophilus dauricus in Kangbao pasture were higher than hole flea infestation, and there was obvious seasonality in the infestation of body fleas, hole fleas and nest fleas, which could provide theoretical reference for anti-flea work in epidemic focus.

关 键 词：鼠疫 自然疫源地 达乌尔黄鼠 寄生蚤 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] R384.9[农业科学—植物保护]